教育程度、家庭所得對理財知識與理財行為路徑模式之探究

The Path Analysis of Education%2C Family’s Annual Income on Financial Knowledge and Financial Behavior of the Taiwanese

本研究以「調查國民金融知識水準方法、架構及實地調查之研究」研究案所提供 的數據，抽樣方法是依據台灣人口之結構比例分層隨機取樣，經過刪減樣本後，共保 留1，465 份樣本。研究發現理財知識的觀察指標，以「信用管理知識」、「投資管理 知識」、「金錢管理知識」三個觀察變數較佳；理財行為的觀察指標，則以「金融資 訊行為」、「退休金規畫行為」、「儲蓄行為」與「理財規劃行為」變數較佳。相對地， 呈現所取樣國人風險觀念的「保險與風險預防行為」變數，效果量不大，「信用管理 行為」、「貸款管理行為」等辨識債務是否過多的指標，因信度不足被排除於分析之外， 可見理財知識與行為的不完整與不對稱性。 於SEM 路徑關係上，理財知識對其理財行為具有直接正向效果，樣本教育程度、 家庭年所得與理財知識三者，可以解釋他們理財行為變異量接近80%，其中以理財 知識在總效果量中是影響最直接與最大的。多群組巢狀比較分析發現，無論居住於城 市或鄉鎮的國人，均接受測量路徑係數與結構路徑係數相等的虛無假設。

This study adopted the National Financial Literacy Survey in Taiwan of the Taiwan Academy of Banking and Finance and conducted random sampling of the population structure. After eliminating ineffective samples， there were 1，465 samples. The results showed that credit management， investment know-how， and money management are better indicators of financial knowledge; financial information， retirement planning， savings， and financial planning are better indicators of financial behavior. Relatively， the effect of the composite risk index from insurance and risk control is insignificant， and personal debt indicators such as credit management， loan management are therefore deleted because the Cronbach’s alpha values are substantially lower. It seems that with limited financial knowledge or asymmetric information， individuals cannot make a sound financial decision. Regarding the path relation of structural equation modeling (SEM)， financial knowledge has a direct and significant influence on financial behavior. Education， annual family income and financial knowledge can account for 80% of the total variance of financial behavior， in which financial knowledge plays a larger role in predicting financial behavior. After a comparison analysis of multiple groups， the null hypothesis is supported. For both the measurement and structural model， no significant differences are found in the coefficients of the paths between cities and villages/towns where people live.