亞太區域整合倡議動能的分析：權力理論視角的探討

An Analysis on the Dynamics of Asia-Pacific Regionalism: A Power Politics Perspective

對現實主義者而言，區域主義仍然是不易闡明的現象。特殊的難題在於為什麼主要的國家應該要追求區域的制度化。雖然多元主義者對區域制度化過程中展現國家既有行為的經驗證據，但仍難令人滿意。本文重點說明區域主義的形成階段，以作為理解區域主義的基礎。其中，「合作霸權」的特定理論強調主要區域強權大戰略的重要性，以及他們在區域中針對威脅平衡的反應作為本文主要的理論根基。本文認為，亞太主要國家採取非強制性手段來促進自身的利益，利用「合作霸權」的戰略在區域制度化中扮演積極的角色。本文概括一些區域制度化的前提條件，強調權力分享的能力；權力凝聚的能力以及在區域中最大強權的承諾能力。雖然區域化中的國家菁英們受到國內政治的制約，但他們換得較新現實主義主張更大的選擇自由。亞太區域整合的各種倡議主要還是主要國家或組織以權力的角度作為提出或參與的指導方針。

For realists regionalism remains a difficult phenomenon to explicate. A particular puzzle for realists is why major states should want to pursue regional institutionalization. Nor are pluralist accounts satisfactory given the empirical evidence of state actor prominence in processes of regional institutionalization. On this basis a specific theory of co-operative hegemony is developed. Stressing the importance of the grand strategies of major regional powers and their responses to the balance-of-threat in a region, the article argues that Asia-Pacific major states may advance their interests through non-coercive means by applying a strategy of co-operative hegemony. The article outlines a number of preconditions for regional institutionalization, stressing what is called the capacity for power-sharing; the power aggregation capacity and the commitment capacity of the biggest power in a region. While regionalizing state elites are constrained, they possess a much greater freedom of choice than neo-realism claims. Regional integration initiatives of Asia-Pacific by mainly major states or organizations almost all are dependent on the point of view of power as proposed or participation guidelines.