臺灣公股銀行整併問題研析

A Study on the Problems of Consolidating Taiwan’s State-owned Banks

國內公股銀行主動整併已停滯逾5年，若再不思圖改變現有零散的銀行結構，恐無法因應大陸銀行來台營業後的變局。藉由國內公股銀行整併，加速調整國內銀行脆弱的市場結構，不僅有其必要性，更具急迫性。本文主要研究結論為，落實公股銀行整併，國內規模小而脆弱的市場結構才可望改善；當前全球景氣混沌不明，應是公股銀行危機入市、推動整併的適當時機。本文建議：先推動既有公營金融機構整併，一步到位，再採取「一次處理公股具經營主導權之金融機構」的做法，俾讓外界了解政府金融整併政策的決心與邏輯性。其中，100%公營的台灣銀行與土地銀行業務同質性高，應先予以整併，藉此降低大型銀行間的過度競爭與有效運用國家資源，並適時穩定金融市場，落實中央銀行之貨幣政策；中國輸出入銀行亦宜定位為「政策性銀行」，以承辦一般商業銀行所不願承辦的海外投、融資或保證等業務，而其業務與行政主管機關予以一元化，可確保扶持國內產業輸出業務之發展。

The initiative to consolidate Taiwan’s state-owned banks has been stagnant for more than five years. If the current fragmented banking structure is not changed, there is cause to fear that domestic banks will not be able to cope with the situation after mainland China’s banks start to operate in Taiwan. Hence, it is a matter not just of necessity, but also of pressing urgency, to speed up the adjustment of domestic banks’ fragile market structure through consolidation of state-owned banks. The main conclusions of this study are: That state-owned bank consolidation is an essential prerequisite to any hope of improving the small-scale and fragile market structure of domestic banks; and that the current state of tumult in the global economy should present a good opportunity for promoting bank consolidation. Our study suggests the following: Start by pushing through the consolidation of existing state-owned financial institutions in one step, and then take a once-and-for-all approach to dealing with financial institutions in which the government holds a controlling stake, to enable the general public to understand the resolution and logicality of the government’s bank consolidation policy. In view of the high similarity of their functions, first priority should be given to merging the 100% state-owned Bank of Taiwan and Land Bank of Taiwan. This merger will serve the purposes of reducing excessive competition between big banks and effectively utilizing national resources, while also providing timely support to the stabilization of financial markets and strengthening the implementation of central bank monetary policy. The Export-Import Bank of the Republic of China should ideally be positioned as a 'policy bank', charged primarily with undertaking overseas investment, financing or guarantee business that ordinary commercial banks are unwilling to take on. Also, its operations can be unified with the work of related government agencies, to ensure the provision of strong support for developing the export operations of domestic industries.