後金融海嘯各國因應「失業型復甦」之對策及啟示

What Can We Learn from Other Countries’ Policy Responses to the Jobless Recovery after the 2008 Financial Crisis?

從1990年代開始，許多國家陸續出現了「在衰退結束後經濟持續成長、失業卻沒有明顯減少」的現象，在文獻上被稱為「失業型復甦」（jobless recovery），並引發了相當多的討論。目前，臺灣景氣雖已復甦，失業率也由2009年9月6.13%的高峰回降至2010年11月4.73%，但仍高於2007年全年平均3.91%，呈現失業型復甦的特徵。本文旨在探討失業型復甦的成因，據以檢視加拿大、法國、日本、英國與美國等國的因應措施；並針對臺灣失業問題的癥結與既有促進就業對策的成效，試提因應失業型復甦的政策建議。

Since the 1990s, an economic phenomenon in which a country or economy experiences growth after coming out of a recession while maintaining or even increasing its level of unemployment has been observed in many countries. This phenomenon has been recognized as “jobless recovery” and has drawn the attention of many scholars. Recently, although Taiwan’s economy has recovered from the Great Recession and the unemployment rate has fallen from the peak of 6.13% in September 2009 to 4.73% in November 2010, it is still higher than its 2007 average of 3.91%. In other words, Taiwan is experiencing a jobless recovery. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the causes of jobless recoveries, and then to use this knowledge to evaluate policy reactions of major economies, such as Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, against jobless recovery. The study concludes with an analysis of Taiwan’s unemployment problems, examination of the effectiveness of current employment promotion policies, and the presentation of policy recommendations.