全球煤市場之分析

World Coal Market Analysis

本文由各個層面分析煤市場，相對於石油及天然氣主要集中於中東、歐洲及歐亞大陸，煤的分布區域較為分散，因此煤價亦比較不易受到地緣政治影響。此外，煤礦的供應成本低，燃煤發電的投資及生產成本低，煤液化技術又可將煤轉化為汽油及柴油，降低全球對石油的依賴程度。然而煤污染度高，由於中國及印度電力需求之高成長，預計未來煤的消費成長仍將偏高，將不利全球二氧化碳減排成效，技術先進國家有必要協助新興國家降低二氧化碳排放量。此外，二氧化碳捕獲與封存技術可有效降低使用煤所排放之二氧化碳，其相關技術值得進一步的研究及採用。

This study analyzes the world coal market from a series of perspectives. Compared with oil and gas reserves, which are mainly located in the Middle East, Europe and Eurasia, coal reserves are more dispersed. That is why coal prices are less influenced by geopolitical tensions. Furthermore, coal supply costs are low, the investment and production costs of coal-fired power generation are low, and coal-to-liquids technology can convert coal into petrol and diesel, reducing global dependence on oil. However, coal causes heavy pollution. Owing to the high growth of demand for electricity in China and India, it is expected that coal consumption growth will remain high in the future. This will be detrimental to the effectiveness of global carbon dioxide emissions reduction, and technologically advanced countries will need to assist emerging countries to reduce emissions. Moreover, since carbon capture and storage can effectively reduce CO2 emissions from coal use, the related technologies warrant further research and adoption.