從交換到交易——蘭嶼飛魚物資處置「人魚網絡」的當代變遷

From Exchange to Trade: The Human-Fish Network of Flying Fish in Contemporary Orchid Island

長期以來，飛魚除了作為外人辨識蘭嶼Tao族人的一個明顯族群徽號之外，更是蘭嶼在地文化意象的一種象徵體現。因此，本文將以蘭嶼飛魚物資處置「人魚網絡」的當代變遷作為探討主題，期能分析蘭嶼國家治理、島嶼生態與經濟變遷等因素之間的互動關係，進而釐清蘭嶼飛魚物資處置「人魚網絡」從交換到交易的時代遞變脈絡。同時，本文亦期能藉由蘭嶼飛魚物資處置「人魚網絡」能動性的掌握，從中理解Tao族人為了適應島嶼經濟體系的變遷，究竟會如何看待自身的文化模式，如何採借外來的經濟媒介及其價值體系來調節社會文化的時代變遷。本文研究發現，當代市場經濟的發展趨勢，刻正誘使飛魚從禮物置換成商品，而Tao社會型態也逐漸從交換到交易來轉型遞變。藉由飛魚的「商品化」，飛魚成為蘭嶼Tao族人參與世界體系市場機制，使用貨幣交易的一種流通商品，並為Tao的社會轉型指涉出一種當代的文化變遷模式。從中， 我們不僅僅看見了蘭嶼飛魚物資處置「人魚網絡」的當代變遷；同時， 我們也正在為全球化所面臨資本主義與市場經濟「從交換到交易」的不可逆性，預留一個可供同步反思在地性與前瞻全球性的理解視野。

For a long time, flying fish is not only an ethnic symbol for the Tao People, it is also a materialized image of the local culture in Orchid Island. We investigate the interaction among state governance, island ecology, and economic changes in Orchid Island and manage to look into the human-fish network in terms of how flying fish has been treated as a resource in the context of social changes. In the lens of this networking, we attempt to shed lights on how the Tao People have adapted their culture to the tremendous economic challenges, particularly how they have borrowed foreign economic media and value systems to further the process of adjustment. It is found that flying fish has been transformed from a traditional gift to a commodity. By way of this monetary exchange, the Tao People are irreversibly involved in capitalism and market economy within the context of globalization, which provides for a space for self-reflection in search of the balance between locality and vision.