兩個源文之下的混種翻譯：居間游移的無家孤兒

A Hybrid Translation from Two Source Texts: The In-Betweenness of a Homeless Orphan

“A Homeless Orphan”（無家的孤兒）, translated by Jian Jinfa during the Japanese colonial period, is a story based on Hector Malot’s Sans Famille. Jian translated his version from two source texts: A Child without a Home （家なき兒）, which had been translated into Japanese by Kikuchi Yuho from the French original, and The Story of a Poor Vagrant Boy （苦兒流浪記）, Bao Tianxiao’s Chinese translation of Yuho’s version. In addition to using two source texts, Jian used two translation techniques, intralingual and interlingual. This complexity makes Jian’s text worth studying. His adoption of two source texts reflects Jian’s in-betweenness when dealing with his two motherlands—China and Japan. His choice of story may also seem to imply that Taiwan was to him like an orphan looking for a home. In this study I show how a translator can handle two source texts and two languages, and I explore the ambivalence and conflict embedded within this hybrid translation that mediates two source texts and two motherlands.

〈無家的孤兒〉是日治時期台灣文人簡進發翻譯的連載小說，原著為 Hector Malot 的 Sans Famille。據筆者研究，簡進發採用了兩個源語文本，一個是晚清文人包天笑的《苦兒流浪記》，另一個則是明治作家菊池幽芳的《家なき兒》。菊譯本譯自法文原著，而包譯本則是譯自菊池幽芳的日譯本。簡進發的譯本可說是層層轉譯的結果，而他的翻譯包括了語內翻譯 (intralingual translation) 及語際翻譯 (interlingual translation)。層層轉譯加上兩種翻譯行為，使得這個特殊的譯本十分值得研究。簡進發的譯本經過日譯本與中譯本的中介，可說是翻譯的翻譯，也可說是混種的混種。他採用兩個源文，在某種程度上也反映了他在兩個母國（中國與日本）之間的居間性 (in-betweenness)，而選擇這個故事，彷彿也反映了日治時期台灣文學作品呈現的孤兒意識。本研究將觀察這位譯者如何處理兩個源文與兩種語言，分析其背景資料與翻譯特色，並探討他的作品處於兩個源文與兩個母國之間的矛盾與衝突。