半導體產業之績效評估——跨國分析與比較

Performance Assessment of Semiconductor Industries: Based on Cross-Country Evidence

半導體科技產業被視為二十一世紀最具關鍵性的全球性產業，因具龐大的商機使其成為各國競相發展的重心。在全球化的趨勢下，半導體科技廠商面對來自於全球市場的激烈競爭，單一國家之經營績效分析實在無法窺其全貌。本研究將可同時縮減投入與擴張產出的方向性距離函數，納入可處理不同群組技術之共同邊界分析架構，據以分析日本、台灣、美國與韓國等半導體科技產業技術領先國廠商之經營績效。樣本取自於OSIRIS資料庫，研究期間為2006年至2008年，包括253家廠商，共計759筆觀測值。實證結果顯示：各國的群組邊界存在顯著的差異，因此本研究的確應採用共同邊界分析架構；除了韓國之無效率廠商外，所有國家之無效率廠商，大都應以美國具有技術效率的廠商為學習標竿；各國首重提升市場價值及降低固定資產；韓國廠商之間的同質性較高，而日本廠商之間具有較大的異質性。

The semiconductor industry has been regarded as a key global industry of the 21st century. Because of its property of globalization, it is unlikely to understand the whole picture of the operational performance by simply analyzing a single country. This study, therefore, incorporates the directional distance function into the metafrontier framework in order to evaluate efficiencies of leading countries (Japan, Taiwan, USA, and Korea) of the semiconductor industry. The sample, obtained from OSIRIS database, consists of 253 firms and a total of 759 observations for the period from 2006 to 2008. Empirical results indicate: Each country has her own frontier so the metafrontier framework is an appropriate approach in this study; Most of inefficient firms, except those from Korea, should mainly take American efficient firms as benchmarks; Every country should give priority to increasing market values and reducing fixed assets; The group of Korean firms appears the highest homogeneity, while that of Japanese ones reveals the largest heterogeneity.