不純正不作為犯的正犯標準

The criterion of the principal of derivative omission offences

不純正不作為犯的正犯認定標準，不是從其所依附的作為犯中的正犯標準得出，而是從其本身的保證人義務所推導，即採取所謂的義務犯理論。因此，除非構成要件對於行為的不法有特殊要求（如己手犯、身分犯、意圖犯），具有保證人身分的不作為，就是不作為的正犯。並且，不論保證人所要阻止的危險，究竟是源於自然事件或是人為，原則上均可透過不作為的直接正犯來加以評價。

The criterion of the principal of derivative omission offences depends rather upon the duty to act than upon the criterion of the principal of act. Therefore the omission from guarantor is the principal of derivative omission offences, unless the element of offence has special preconditions (e.g. Eigenhändige Delikte, Sonderdelikte, Absichtsdelikte). Additionally it is principally not important for the judgment of direct principal of omission, if the danger, which guarantor should avert, comes from the nature or the act from human.