智能障礙者生活型態與骨質疏鬆症相關性分析

The Correlation between Osteoporosis and Lifestyles in People with Intellectual Disabilities

隨著人類平均餘命的延長造成人口結構的轉變，目前骨質疏鬆症已經是全球第二大的重要流行病，僅次於心血管疾病。骨質疏鬆症會導致身體各部位發生骨折的現象，進而影響日常身體活動功能，嚴重時更有可能會導致失能及死亡的發生；身心障礙群體中最弱勢的為智能障礙者，除了大多數患有多重疾病需依賴他人照顧外，也因語言上的表達障礙而無法明確表達自我健康需求，且平均餘命短因老化而造成的疾病較一般人會提前發生；故其骨質疏鬆風險因子是值得被關注的。骨質密度的生成與流失有許多不同因素所造成的，本次文獻回顧主要是針對智能障礙者其生活型態對於骨質疏鬆的影響。根據國內外文獻指出，智能障礙者的骨密度相較於健康族群，都是較差的；其影響因素可能有障礙等級、合併症、飲食情形、行動能力、服用藥物及有無慢性疾病等等所造成的。本研究將其整合後並提出相關建議，盼能提供照顧者對於智能障礙者其骨質疏鬆情形能有更深入的了解。

Osteoporosis has been ranking second only to cardiovascular disease in the world due to the change of the structure of human extension population. Osteoporosis causes various fractures in body parts and affects physical activities. It might also lead to anergy or death when situation turns critical. Intellectual disabilities are the most disadvantageous in the group of disabilities. Those who suffer from several diseases not only need helps from others, but also having troubles explaining their health needs because of language expression failures. Additionally, due to the low average of ages, intellectual disabilities face aging disease that happens earlier than average person. Thus, the factor that causes osteoporosis should be concerned. Many reasons produce the generation and loss of bone mineral density. This article is mainly addressed on how intellectual disabilities' lifestyle influences osteoporosis. According to local and foreign references, the bone mineral density of intellectual disabilities is fairly lower than healthy groups. The affecting factors might be disability level, complications, eating behaviors, physical activities, long-term medication and chronic diseases. This research will integrate all information and propose effective suggestions. Hope this will provide caretakers a deeper insight to intellectual disabilities that suffer from osteoporosis.