山西河津三峪地區的環境變動與水利規則（1368-1935）

Environmental Changes and the Irrigation Regulations in the He-Jin(河津) Area of Shanxi, 1368- 1935

本文主旨在討論固定制度與變動環境之間的整合與衝突。透過明清時期山西河津三峪特有的水利規則「清濁分用」，觀察水規設立當下的環境與規則的關係，並評估水利規則所創造的「公平」，以及隱含在水利規則中的「不公平」現象。此外，人文社會與環境互動的過程中，固定水規所受到各種變動的衝擊。明清時期的官府都曾經重申或微調「清濁分用」的原則，但實際的社會狀況已經與明初大不相同，維持原有水利規則反而增加社會的衝突。文章最後一部分，分析一件從清初延續到民國的訴訟案件，透過實際案例說明「清濁分用」的大原則，所形成難以解決的社會問題。透過上述分析，將呈現水利規則對社會的影響，以及社會各層面的因應之道。

Liu Chang was ambassador of the Song Dynasty to the Liao country and the author of Shi Liao Yu Lu, a book recorded his embassy to the Liao and the diplomat ic activities between two countries. Although the Shi Liao Yu Lu was lost to the world, the Shi Liao Shi, a collection of fifty poems written by Liu Chang, was well preserved, providing a valuable access to understand certain circumstances of his embassy to the Liao. This article is a primary study of Liu Chang's Shi Liao Shi and attempts to have a further understanding of his delegation.