中國中古家禮的編纂與發展

The Compilation and Development of Family Rituals in Medieval China

相應於國家禮典傳統之逐漸確立，中古之士族門第為求能夠維持身分與任官之優勢，相當注意私家禮法之維繫與編撰，甚鑿於達到苛求的程度。這種現象在透過記錄中古典籍之史志，考察其中所載錄之家禮文本與作者，即可獲得印證。中古士族雖然以擁有家禮且藉此自我標榜，然而伴隨門第貴族漸趨沒落，中唐以後也開始出現為一般士庶之家編纂可行用的家禮，同時唐宋之科舉士人，亦需要家禮來提振門風，盼能獲致如同中古門第般之社會地位。這也使唐宋間士人關注禮制與禮書的焦點，山「國家禮典」逐漸轉移到「家禮」。

The institution of state ritual codes was gradually established in medieval China. Aristocratic families would like to maintain rank and supremacy of the appointment of officials; they were concerned about the maintenance and compilation of private rituals, even though their demand was rather severe. The tendency is corroborated by historical investigation through the records of family rituals and their authors in medieval China. Although aristocratic families were proud of their family rituals, we found the compilation of family rituals by commoner began from Mid-Tang period on. Bureaucrats of Tang and Song Dynasties also needed family rituals to get a higher position in society, just like aristocratic families in medieval China. That's why the intellectuals of Tang and Song Dynasties gave heed to ceremony and the rituals, their interest changed from state ritual codes to family rituals.