家長式領導：三元模式的建構與測量

A Triad model of Paternalistic Leadership: Constructs and Measurement

家長式領導是華人社會特有的領導型態之一，其特色是在一種人治的氛圍下，彰顯父親般的仁慈與威嚴，並具有道德的無私典範。針對此一現象，目前已有文化根源的分析與概念的探討，可惜仍未有量化的實徵性研究，理由是欠缺具一定信、效度的工具，來測量此一概念。本文的目的即在過去的研究基礎上，補足此一缺口，根據家長式領導的三種組成要素：威權、仁慈、及德行，來編製家長式領導量表(Paternalistic Leadership Scale，PLS)，並以確認性因素分析(confirmatory factor analysis）來檢驗其概念建構。結果顯示，在台灣企業組織與教育組織的樣本中，證明了此量表具有不錯的內部一致性信度，且不論是仁慈、德行、與威權分量表，或整個家長式領導三元模式的確認性因素分析，皆現出不錯的建構效度。最後，討論了本研究的結果及家長式領導的未來研究方向。

Paternalistic leadership is a particular leadership style in Chinese societies. It is characterized by displays of fatherly benevolence, and authoritarianism tempered with moral integrity and a personal touch. Using this definition, a triad model of paternalistic leadership has been built theoretically and the Chinese cultural origins traced. However, to date there has been no quantitative empirical research in this domain. This study bridges the gap. We built a Paternalistic Leadership scale with the three constituent elements of paternalistic leadership (authoritarianism, benevolence, and moral leadership) and employed confirmatory factor analysis to examine the construct. Results with samples from business organizations and educational institutions in Taiwan resulted in good internal reliability of consistency for the scale, and showed that the triad model of benevolence, authoritarianism, and moral leadership has satisfactory construct validity. Discussion of the research findings and directions for future studies on paternalistic leadership are provided.