昨日的未來觀：Interbau 1957與戰後都市設計

Vision of the Past: Interbau 1957 and the Post-War Urban Design

二戰後德國住宅需求遽增，柏林亟待重建。1950年代現代主義興起，雅典憲章成為都市重建的主流價值。以此制定的柏林綱要計畫（Kollektivplan） ，為重建柏林的依據。處在美蘇角力的前線，東西柏林分別詮釋綱要計畫，來表現該意識型態對於人類生活的理想典型。西柏林的Hansaviertel 於1957 年舉辦了國際建築博覽會（Internationale Bauausstellung 1957） ，簡稱Interbau 1957 ，邀請西方著名建築師參展，以建築與都市表現前瞻性的最佳方案。因此，該博覽會可視為西方世界表現未來住宅的示範，該案對於包含台灣在內的世界各國都市設計亦有一定影響。今日，我們處於當時所設想的未來，可再度藉由Hansaviertel 檢視今後住宅與聚落的發展。

After WWII, residential buildings were badly needed in Germany, and Berlin’s reconstruction brooked no delay. Meanwhile, the rise of modernism put forward the Athens Charter to be the mainstream of urban renewal. The 'Kollektivplan' of Berlin, which was based on the Athens Charter, became the basis for reconstruction. Situated at the frontline of USA and USSR, East and West Berlin interpreted the 'Kollektivplan' to reflect the outlook on human life. In 1957, the International Building Exhibition (Interbau 1957) was held in Hansaviertel， West Berlin. Master architects from all over the world were invited to unfold their works with the aim of creating prospective buildings and urban designs. In this meaning, the Expo could be seen as the future residential model and had a profound influence on worldwide urban designs thereafter. Today, from the vision of the Hansaviertel sixty years, we can foresee the development of habitations.