臺灣地區上市上櫃營建公司經營效率分析

The Efficiency Analysis of Construction Industry at Taiwan

本研究探討2004 年~2006 年台灣地區上市上櫃營建公司的經營效率，以期分析在金融風暴前有經營績效之營建業公司的經營競爭策略。研究選用資料包絡分析法（data envelopment analysis, 簡稱DEA）做為績效評估模式，以分析這3 個年度的營建業的經營效率。DEA 能包絡多項投入與產出，而計算出相對經營效率值。本研究選用各公司之資產總額、股東權益總額、固定資產、員工人數、營業成本、營業費用等六種做為投入項目，及營業收入淨額、稅後淨利、總資產報酬、負債比率、每股盈餘、營業利益/實收資本等六種做為產出項目，研究分析出各個公司之整體技術效率值、純技術效率值、規模效率值，可用來詳細比較各公司之經營效率，並期望分析出影響效率值之管理因素。以資料包絡分析法分析結果可知34 家上市上櫃公司於2004 年~2006 年平均整體生產力，在整體技術效率平均值為0.909，純技術效率平均值為0.935，規模效率平均值為0.972，顯示這幾年營建業的平均經營效率良好，整體表現不錯。進一步藉由差額變數分析，可以更清楚的顯示各公司的規模是否適當及資源使用情形是否得宜。依據差額變數表分析結果，各無效率之營建公司可針對投入產出項進行調整而達到改善經營績效的目標，即可成為有效率的公司。

This research is mainly aimed at investigating the operational efficiency of 34 listed/marketed construction companies in Taiwan during 2004~2006. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is adopted to evaluate the technical efficiency of each construction firm. The DEA method can include multiple inputs and outputs and calculate the relative efficiency value respectively. Six items are considered as input parameters, which are assets values, stockholder’s equity value, fixed assets, staff number, operation prime cost and operation cost for each company. Net amount of business income, after tax net profit, total asset remuneration, rate of the debt, surplus per share and business profit/net capital are considered as output parameters. The technical efficiency value, pure technical efficiency value and scale technical efficiency value of the decision-making units (DMU) are compared for determining the companies with operational efficiency. With the analysis results, the difference in whole technical efficiency value, pure technical efficiency value and scale technical efficiency value of 34 companies in 2004 ~2006 can be observed. The average whole technical efficiency value is 0.909, which indicates all the companies are relatively good. The average pure technical efficiency value is 0.935, which shows the companies’ pure technical efficiency is good as well. And the average of scale technical efficiency value is 0.972, which implies the companies’ scale technical efficiency is good for Taiwan/s construction industry. Improvement of resource usage of DMU can be identified by further analysis of parameter variation. According to the results of the parameter variation table, the construction company can adjust its input parameters to reach the improved goal, namely becoming an efficient company.