美日兩國有關高齡者照護環境評估量表之比較分析

An Analysis and Comparison of Environmental Evaluation Scales for Elderly Care Facilities in America and Japan

本論文採用既有文獻回顧法，分析美國「MEAP」、「TESS 系列」、「NURS」、「PEAP」及日本兒玉氏「建築環境及設施環境服務檢核表」、醫管所「機構環境評估檢核表」、「日本版3 PEAP」等共計七種高齡者環境評估量表的評估概念、評估構面、評估內容等，比較美日兩國高齡者環境評估量表之特徵與差異。研究結果如下：（1）失智症特別照護單元評估量表特別強調「感覺刺激、生活繼續、安全與監控、私密性、個別化、生活單元自主性」等構面之評估；（2）美日七種環境評估量表除了基本需求層次的評估構面外，均涵蓋到Malsow「發展需求」層次的評估構面；（3）我國長期照機構評鑑指標偏向「量性評量」，缺乏「質性指標」；（4）建議我國未來在高齡者照護機構環境評估量表應超越「基本需求」提昇到「發展需求」層次的評估構面。

By utilizing the literature and various documents, this paper conducted an analysis that compared environmental evaluation scales for the concept, domain and content of elderly care facilities, including 'MEAP,' 'TESS,' 'NURS' and 'PEAP' in America; 'TESS,' 'NURS' and 'Version PEAP' in Japan. The findings are as follow: （ 1） The Environmental Evaluation Scale in the Special Care Unit places more emphasis on the evaluation domains of perception and stimulation, life continuity, safety and monitoring, provision of privacy, personalization and autonomy;（ 2） Besides the domains of basic needed levels, all the scales contain the domain of development need;（ 3） The evaluation indictors for a long term care facility lace more emphasis on quantity than quality evaluation in Taiwan; （ 4） We suggest that the evaluation scale should be upgraded to the domains of 'development level' in the future.