視障者屬性差異對室內引導設施效益影響之研究

A Research of the Influence on the Effectiveness of Interior Guiding Facility by the Demographic Variable of People with Visual Impairments

面對日益增加的視障人口，視障者的通行輔助需求應受到國內的重視。過去國內有關視障者通行輔助之研究，在環境引導設施方面僅進行現況與問題調查，缺乏各類引導設施之效益評估及效益之影響因素探討，以致於國內設計者對於建築物內視障者引導設施元素應用與引導設施系統設計仍然相當陌生。本研究目的在於實質建構各類引導設施元素，經由視障者體驗，以驗證視障者屬性差異對引導設施效益之影響。經由相關理論探討發現，可協助視障者建立空間認知概念之浮凸地圖、點字標示、扶手或牆面邊界線等觸覺引導設施均被認同可提供視障者有用之線索而形成引導系統。實驗過程分為原型環境、置入浮凸地圖、置入牆面引導設施、置入空間標示設施等四階段。本研究由視障者日常生活經常前往之公共建築物中遴選一處簡單的環境和一處複雜的環境為實驗場所；有60 位具備一年以上定向行動訓練之視障者被遴選參與實驗，每階段各15 位樣本。視障者屬性包含性別、教育程度、年齡層、視障類型、知覺能力等被應用於進行變項差異分析。研究發現視障者之性別及視障類型等變項對於室內引導設施之效益影響無任何顯著差異。對於年齡層，由第二、第三兩階段之實驗，發現參與者年齡越高者，其測試點之正確率越佳；同樣地在教育程度方面，參與者教育程度越高者，其測試點之正確率亦越佳。有關受測者的剩餘知覺能力，在無任何引導設施之環境下具有局部協助視障者環境認知之功能。

The need of accessibility for people with visual impairments should be concerned when the blind population increases year by year in Taiwan. In the past years, the research in terms of accessibility only processed the survey of existing situation and problems of guiding facilities in the environment. In lack of the effectiveness evaluation of various guiding facilities and influence factors studying on effectiveness, so that local designers were still unfamiliar with the application of guiding elements and designing system as well. The purpose of this research is to physically construct various elements of guiding facility in order to testify the influence by demographic variable on the effectiveness of guiding facility. We found that the tactile facility of tactile map, braille sign, handrail and wall line being able to assist visually impaired people in space cognition were recognized as useful cues to form guiding system. The procedure of experiment were divided into four phases as the test of origin environment, origin environment with a tactile map, origin environment with a tactile map and handrails, original environment with a tactile map, handrails and door signs. A simple environment and a complicated environment were selected as experiment locations from public buildings that people with visual impairments often visit during daily life. There were 60 visually impaired persons with one-year orientation and mobility training participating in this experiment, and each phase of experiment had 15 samples. The demography of people with visual impairments including gender, education, age, typology of people with visual impairments and conscious ability were applied to process variable analysis. The finding of this research shows that the variable of gender and typology of people with visual impairments have no significant difference on the effectiveness of guiding facilities. As to the variable of age, the age of participant is older, the accuracy of testing is better from the result of the second and the third phases’ experiment. At the same situation, the variable of education with significant difference shows that well-educated participant has better accuracy of testing. With regard to conscious ability, it has partial function of assisting visually impaired people in environmental cognition when the environment is original environment without any guiding facility.