臺灣國民小學建築空間形態演變之探討

A Study on the Evolution of Spatial Composition in the Elementary Schools of Taiwan

本研究試圖藉由歷時性的研究方法，從空間結構的角度去分析國民小學建築空間形態的演變。以台灣國民小學建築空間作為研究對象，其重點在於探討台灣國民教育環境的發展脈絡，並建立一種可清楚定義的操作模式。文中先透過資料的收集，彙整台灣國民教育政策的發展，依理念的差異，分為四個重要的時期（日治時期、動員戡亂時期、解嚴後時期、新校園時期），並針對不同時期的建築空間進行分析。在分析過程中，透過拓撲（Topology）的關係和圖形分析（Graph Analysis）的方法，來了解空間結構的變化，呈現出台灣國民小學建築空間形態的演變。研究中發現學校建築空間權力的轉移與教育政策具有一定的互動關係，且針對不同時期的國民小學建築空間進行分析，可從複雜的建築中得知學校空間組成的基礎單元。從分析的結果中也發現平面形式的發展並非影響空間佈局的的主因，因此，掌握空間的變化亦可幫助釐清複雜的外在形式，加深我們對國民小學建築內在構成的了解。

This study attempts to investigate the evolution of spatial composition in the elementary schools of Taiwan. The purpose is to understand the development of educational environment in Taiwan and to establish a systematic framework for analysis. Based on the various concepts on the development of education in Taiwan, the history of the development of education can be divided into four significant periods: the period of the Japanese colonization, the period of mobilization for the suppression of Communist rebellion, the period of the end of Martial Law, and the period of new campus. Following that, the spatial compositions from the aforementioned four periods are analyzed. In the process of analysis, topology and graph analysis are employed to explore the transformation of the spatial composition. Finally, they may also be used to explain the spatial evolution of the elementary school architecture in Taiwan. Through the above analysis, it is found that a close and interactive relation exists between the shift of spatial power in school and the policy of education. Through the analysis of the architectural space of different periods, basic constituent units can be derived and applied for the future development of the spatial system in elementary school. In addition, it is argued that the development of architectural plan is not the main factor to affect the overall school configuration. Therefore, for the new campus in 21th century, the elementary school should be designed to accommodate multiplicity and adaptation for changing conditions. In conclusion ,the knowledge on the spatial evolution can deepen our understanding of the elementary school architecture which is normally blurred by its apparent complexity.