婦女於懷孕期間之運動信念

Exercise Beliefs During Pregnancy

本研究目的以計畫行為理論為架構，從行為信念、規範信念及控制信念為三個主軸來瞭解婦女於懷孕期間的運動信念。研究對象為北部某醫學中心婦產科門診經醫師診斷確定懷孕之婦女，以立意取樣，共得有效樣本58名。研究工具以計畫行為理論為架構，採半結構式之開放性問卷收集資料，以內容分析法分析並擷取其顯著信念。研究結果發現（1）行為信念：孕婦多認為運動的好處是可以順利生產，其次依序為控制體重、保持體力及身體靈活度、增進母體健康、放鬆心情、規律生活作息；在壞處方面，孕婦多認為運動會導致身體不舒服的感覺、會動了胎氣或使早產發生及導致跌倒意外發生。（2）規範信念：贊同孕婦運動之主要影響者，依序分別為其他家人、朋友或同事、丈夫及醫護人員；不贊同孕婦運動之主要影響者，依序分別為：其他家人、丈夫、朋友或同事。（3）控制信念：阻礙孕婦運動為身體或生理上的不適及限制、疲憊、擔心危及胎兒健康、時間限制及氣候不佳。本研究結果可提供醫護人員更瞭解孕婦在懷孕期間運動的信念之參考，並發展出有效的計畫來促進孕婦運動。

The purpose of this study was to understand women’s behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about exercising during pregnancy by theory of planned behavior. The participants were 58 pregnant women who filled out a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire at a hospital in northern Taiwan. We used content analysis to rank-order the beliefs and to obtain the most salient beliefs. The study results showed that: (1) the salient advantages beliefs about exercise during pregnancy were as the followings: exercise can assist in labor and delivery, control weight, increase energy and body flexibility, increase maternal health, improve mood and regular daily activity. The disadvantages were: produceing discomfort feelings, influenceing fetus health or preterm labor, increasing accident of falling. (2) People who agreed with exercise during pregnancy were women’s other family members, friends or colleagues, husband, and health care staff. People who disagreed with exercise during pregnancy were women’s other family members, husband, and friends or colleagues. (3) The salient beliefs to inhibit action of exercise were physical discomforts, limitations, fatigue, fear to affect fetus health, time limits and bad weather. This study should benefit health care professionals to understand women’s exercise beliefs during pregnancy and developed exercise program for pregnant women.