臺灣早期乳癌存活病患飲食生活型態

Dietary Patterns and Lifestyle among Early-stage Breast Cancer Survivors in Taiwan

本研究主要目的是探討台灣乳癌存活病患的飲食生活型態。將飲食生活型態評估 （the healthy eating and lifestyle assessment，簡稱HELA）問卷郵寄給台灣乳癌關懷團體，繼而分發給已完成治療療程 （包括手術、化療或放療）且病情穩定之乳癌病患。HELA 有25 題，正負向題各為11 題及14 題，採用食物頻率自填式問卷方法，詢問受試者對食物攝取或選擇之頻率是每天吃、5-6 次／週、3-4 次／週、1-2 次／週、<1次／週或不吃，以0-4 分計算，每一題攝取或選擇完全達到建議量者得分為4 分，25 題合計100 分。從2006年12 月至2007 年3 月寄出問卷742 份，回收問卷456 份 （回收率61.5％），最後完成分析的有效問卷396份 （53.4％）。結果顯示區域性、調查時年齡、病齡、有接受營養指導、有口服營養補充劑及全職工作者在HELA 得分有統計上顯著差異。全體乳癌存活病患HELA 平均分數為79.1 ± 8.9 分 （範圍：0 至100 分）。整體分析發現正向題 （各類食物一天建議量或鼓勵多選擇的食物等）執行度較差，病齡較久者的HELA 及正向題得分亦顯著低於病齡一年以內者。且病齡越久者的體重增加越多，尤其是病齡超過10 年者的體重增加約5kg。本研究調查結果，建議往後可以正向加強乳癌存活病患飲食建議量、注意體重的上升及持續階段性飲食營養教育，尤其是病齡超過5 年以上的病人。

The aim of the study was to investigate dietary patterns and lifestyle in Taiwanese breast cancer survivors. A postal questionnaire (HELA: the healthy eating and lifestyle assessment) was sent to the teams of Taiwan breast cancers care forwarded to their members who have fully completed post breast cancer treatments (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy). The HELA has 25 components, which is based on health including 11 proper components, 14 improper components. The HELA questionnaire is a self-administered food frequency questionnaire that asks for the intake frequency of specific food (daily or 5-6, 3-4, 1-2, <1 time per week). For each component, respondents receive a score ranging from 0 (worse) to 4 (best), and the overall score has a range from 0 to 100. The questionnaire was mailed to 742 eligible women between December 2006 and March 2007, 456 (61.5%) returned, 396 (53.4%) completed HELA were analyzed. The HELA scores of geographic region, age, time since diagnosis, nutrition counseled, oral supplements user, and work were statistically significant. The mean HELA score of the all subjects was 79.1 ± 8.9 (range from 0 to 100). Overall, the mean scores of the proper components had a less compliance with recommended ranges or amounts. The HELA and proper components which of the short-term survivors (≤1 year) was significantly higher than the long- term survivors’ score. Those who survived longer than one year may have changed of the diet pattern and lifestyle along the years. A continuous nutrition education may be needed to maintain a healthy eating and lifestyle in women with breast cancer, especially more than 5 years after diagnosis.