九二一集集大地震災後精神疾病研究論文之分析

Analysis of Study Articles on Psychiatric Disorders Associated with the 921 Chi-Chi Earthquake

自921地震發生到今日，尚未有精神方面研究的回顧報告，因而有本研究之進行。本文主要目的有三：一. 從眾多的研究之中探討在地震之後一般常見精神疾病之流行病學資料；二. 探討研究者所使用的評估工具，及其使用的狀況；三. 從研究的結果，企圖發現一些在進行災難心理衛生、精神醫學處遇或研究時值得注意的一些問題與現象。所納入的原始論文必須符合三點嚴格條件：1.必需包括方法學、結果和討論；2.文章的研究焦點是放在921大地震心理衛生及精神醫學；3.文章是經過專家審核的步驟，發表刊登期刊上。共有40篇文章符合所訂定的研究論文選取條件。主要發現有：一. 研究主題以創傷後壓力症（50.0%）、創傷後反應（17.5%）、憂鬱症（27.5%）最多；二. 影響精神健康的危險因子包括女性、老年人、失落（如：房屋毀損、財物損失、親友傷亡或自已受傷等）、災難前重大生活事件、病前人格特特徵（neurotic，神經質的）。另外常見文章的來源、研究對象、路究創傷後壓力症（post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD）、創傷後反應（post-traumatic reaction, PTR）、憂鬱症主要使用的評估工具、以及盛行率皆有詳細報告。

Form the 921 earthquake to now, there was no study on reviewing the research literatures of psychiatric disturbance; therefore this research was worthy to implement. There were three major goals of this research: 1. To probe into the epidemiology of common psychiatric illnesses which emerged after the earthquake form many studies; 2. To approach and compare the instruments to be used in these studies; 3. To find problems and phenomena that are worthy to notice when engaging the fields of disastrous mantel health and psychiatry according to the results of those researches. The origin papers we selected under three rigorous conditions. There were 40 papers conform to these conditions that we made to select the reports. The major discoveries are: 1. The most common study themes are PTSD (50.0%), post-traumatic reaction (17.5%), and depression (27.5%). 2. The risk factors to effect mental health included female, elder people, loss (e.g. destruction of the house, loss of the money, casualty of their relative or friend, and injured to oneself), the crucial life event before the disaster, and the premorbid personality (e.g. neurotic). The most common types of study papers, study population of the research, instruments to evaluate PTSD and depression and prevalence are found.