從失落經驗看單親家庭因應策略之研究

Loss, Attachment, and Single-Parent

本研究架構從探索性思考及於驗證性分析，首先以台北市某國中20名單親學生進行深度訪談蒐集單親家庭適應的現象，其次進行單親學生生活適應調查研究，以自編問卷評估一般單親家庭的現象，對台北市、高雄市、及台灣省十六所國民中學發出685份問卷（每份問卷有學生評、家長評、與教師評三種），有效問卷為317份（男146名，女171名）。由於統計分析上的需要，經逐項刪除缺失值後得完整樣本共一百五十四名，以此資料驗證研究假設模式。研究假設中，共有六類主要概念，以「家長失落經驗」與「社會支援」為自變項，以「家庭功能」、「家長適應狀態」、「學生適應狀態」、「學生失落經驗」為依變項，同時假設「學生適應狀態」除了受到其「個人失落經驗」的影響之外，也受到「家長失落經驗」與「家長適應狀態」的影響。另外，「社會支援」與「家庭功能」會對「家長適應狀態」產生影響。換句話說，研究者強調父母失落經驗與父母適應狀態對單親學生的生活適應狀態的影響程度具有關鍵性的角色。資料分析方面，首先做探索性的因素分析，取得因素之後進行十七個因素測量部份的驗證性因素分析。在確認了測量模式後，進一步驗證本研究假設之結構關係模型並加以修改，結果顯示假設模式被接受（p=.25，AGFI=.86，CFI=.99）。為避免前述修改過程使得假設模式過分依賴於樣本特性（sample dependent），再以第二個樣本做交互驗證（cross validation），結果p值介於可接受邊緣（p=.04），但GFI=.86、CFI=.93，顯示假設模式應可被接受。

Single-parent families have greatly increase in Taiwan in the past three decades. In the meantime, the majority of single-parent families are female headed. The author have postulated that a balanced level of cohesion is related to adequate family functioning and too much or too little cohesion is related to dysfunctional family relationships. In fact, a systems perspective of parenting in the single-parent family concerns boundaries, hierarachy, role, and functions (Roberts, 1994). The author attemps to interpretate the influence among family condition, parent-child relationship, children's school adaptation, and children's emotionI adaptation.A total of 317 subjects participated in the survey. The sample of this study consists of 317 junior high school students from single-parent families, 146male and 171 female. However, after the process of statistial analysis, the hypothetical model was tested by 154 subject' data which were comprehensive. In the meantime, the author also used other modified subjects' (N=130) data to proceed cross validation.In this study, there are four dependent variables: parent's adaptation, children's adaptation, children's loss experience, and family function. They were predicted by two independent variables: social support and parent's loss experience. To understand the relationships between the independent variables and dependent variables, all collected data were analyzed by the computer program LISREL 8 (Jereskog & Sorbom, 1993).The result of this study indicates that the impact of parent's attitude to handle their loss on the children's adaptation exists (N=154/130, P=.25/.04, AGFI=.86/.82, CFI=.99/.93). In the meantime, it is found that parenting style is related to outcomes in children behaviors. In other words, a child's dysfunction or misbehavior would be viewed as respresenting a system that prevented differentiation and optimal function of the child.