目標導向因果模式之驗證

The Verification of Goal Orientation Causal Model

本研究旨在了解大學生成長團體中，藝術媒材介入的功能與特色，並且進一步了解在此團體中一個成員體驗的歷程。研究者以師大健康中心創作坊十二位成員為研究對象，採用事後訪談及團體結束後八個月的追蹤訪談，透過成員以了解此團體的特色、功能；並以Klein等人於1983年編訂的體驗量表，以眾數及高峰數的方式，來評定一位成員在團體歷程中的體驗階段，研究者按體驗階段內容再做敘述。有關團體特色、功能，本研究結果發現在團體結束後一至二週進行事後訪談，成員感受到本團體的功能特色有1．遊戲般的創作，2．藝術媒材可以提供一種與自我溝通、表達的工具，3．作品具有持久性，4．提供自我覺察及了解的功能，5．能讓成員達到情緒宣洩的功能，6．具有象徵性的意義，成員可以藉助於象徵物，來做一些幻想及預演。在追蹤訪談中，成員覺得此團體的持續功能、特色是1．提供另外一種方式了解自己，2．創作會帶來快樂、自由及強烈的感受，3．生活中更敏感察覺到自己的情緒，並且能表露情緒，4．接納自我，5．作品意像的持久性，6．與人溝通的工具，7．時間的沉澱效果。本研究亦在團體中選出一位成員，以進一步了解其體驗的歷程，結果發現：「體驗」是一個動態的歷程，不會因團體次數的增加而有線性的趨向往上升，以這位成員在團體中體驗層次的眾數評分來看，大部份是在階段三至階段四，也就是在整個團體歷程中，成員會將自己的感受表達出來，但仍無法將感受、體驗去做有目的的探索或詳細的陳述。從高數的評分來看，可以發現這位成員在團體中，曾有過嘗試去探索自己的感受，也試著仔細的陳述、去推敲自己的內在，他也能夠專注在內在經驗中，去拓展他個人覺察的潛能，並產生洞察的能力。最後根據上述結果加以討論，並提出對未來研究、實際應用的建議。

The purpose of this study is to examine the functions and characteristics of materialarts intervention in an university student growth group.An intensive analysis of onegroup member's Experiencing process was also examined.Functions and characteristics of this group were explored by interviewing eachgroup member at the end of the group and eight months after.Group member reportedthat material art intervention made them feel playful.Material art was viewed as auseful tool for facilitating self-awareness,self-communication,self-understanding,self-expression and emotional catharsis.Material art also enshrined with symbolic meaning tobe fancied and rehearsed mentally.Eight months follow-up interviewing data revealedthat group member assured the following sustaining effects:to provide an alternative forself-understanding;to sense happiness,freedom,and compelling passion through artcreation;to be more sensitive and expressive in feelings;to be more self-accepting;tobe able to endure the image from art creation;to provide a tool for mutual communication;to pertain sedimentation through time.An intensive analysis was carried to examine one selected male group member'sExperiencing process change.Verbal contents were recorded and analyzed by usingKlein's(1983)Experiencing Scale.The findings of the intensive study on this particularmember were:Experiencing is of a dynamic process,but it does not change along withthe group session increased;The Experiencing process in this member mostly rangedbetween the third and the forth stage on the Experiencing Scale;This member expressedhimself with difficuties in freely releasing feelings and experiencing it into a purposefulexploration and a more detailed narration.It was also found that this member hadattempted to explore feelings,narrated himself in detail,elaborared his inner self,concentrated on his inner experience;expanded his potential of self-awareness to come up withthe capability of insight.Based on the above findings,discussion and suggestion for practice works andfuture studies were proposed.