文化創意產業溯源－－研究取徑與概貌

History of cultural and creative industries: a general picture above research constructions

本篇文章梳理英國文化創意產業歷史，深入探討其出現的意義，構思文創研究的理論層次如何銜接經驗研究。筆者透過文獻材料分析，溯源審視英國及聯合國的文件，探源1997 年前的文創歷史，企圖在兩條文件路線上追尋新的可能。了解文創產業的歷史意義後，再歸納不同文創研究取徑，形成基本知識構成，促使文創產業的思考更加確實。文創產業涉及「文化」變遷至「創意」產業的歷史意義、資本主義全球化的文化商品販賣、新自由主義文化政策，國家及區域的行銷等。研究取徑主要包含政治經濟學、文化研究、文化與經濟地理學和媒體研究等。本研究提出歷史事件的時間軸、文化經濟的空間和社會欲建構的體系，這三者的相對關係形塑了文創產業研究的概貌。

This article contextualized a history of British cultural and creative industries （CCI）1, in-depth to explore the significance of its existence, and to conceive how the CCI researches could link with empirical studies from theoretical level. The author analyzed the literature review, traceable to examine the documents of United Kingdom and the United Nations, attempting to pursue new possibilities from two routes on both documents, which oriented before the historical year of 1997. After understanding the historical significance of the cultural and creative industries, the author summarized to different study approaches of CCI Studies, and then constructed the fundamental knowledge structure, which promoted rounded and solid perspectives of CCI studies. CCI involved in the change of 'cultural' to 'creative' industries from its historical process, globalized capitalism within productions of cultural goods, the cultural policy of neo-liberalism, marketing of countries and regions etc... Research approaches consisted mainly of political economy, cultural studies, cultural and economic geography and media studies and so on. This research proposed that CCI presented triple relative connections of historical events in timeline, cultural and economical spaces and constructive system in society, the relationship between the three shaping the overview of CCI researches.