從符號學觀點初探中國面具文化

A Preliminary Study of Mask-Culture in China from Semiology Perspective

中國文學運用比、興手法來表達所思所想，早從春秋戰國時期就已經開始，但在語言之外的表義系統，相關的研究並不多見；面具文化在中國不僅古老，還十分貼近常民生活，且具備豐富的多義性，因此本文視面具為一種文化符號，並將整個社會文化視為一種「符號系統」來進行論述，在西方符號學的基礎下，從面具文化的起源、功能到類型分析進行探討，意欲瞭解面具文化詮釋體系的兩個層面，第一是有關多義性的問題；第二則涉及社會脈絡的結構性探討。本文透過符徵與符旨的對應，說明歷來面具所承載的多義性；另外以中國面具文化的發展歷程為例，說明面具與社會之間的關係。

The Chinese literature has been using Bi & Xing （比興）symbolization to express ideas, already started as early as Eastern Zhou period（東周）. About researches of significance system have been rare except language research. Mask-Culture in China is an ancient culture , and close to people's living, so it owns rich polysemy. This paper regards masks as a cultural symbol, the society that masks exist in as a symbol system , and explores about the origin, function, and style of masks under semiology theory. In addition, it will further explain the relations among polysemy, social context , and mask-culture.