中國與西方：兩種不同的心理學傳統

China and the West: Two Different Traditions of Psychology

中國傳統有沒有自己的心理學？心理學界有不同的意見。而對某些西方心理學家而言，中國的《易經》及道家學說則對他們有過影響。總體上看，無論何種意見和主張，比較一致的觀點是學者們都寄希望於用西方的現代心理學架構來認定中國心理學之有無。本文認為，與其用科學與非科學或不同西方流派來審視中國自己的心理學，不如將心理學的發生軌跡作兩種平行的傳統來比較。中國心理學傳統不應該局限於對儒家或道家的思考，而需要對中國傳統科技文化（包括思維特徵、自然哲學及其相關實踐等）做整合性的研究。由此研究可以發現，西方心理學傳統中的一元論、決定論、機械主義與操作主義等造就了今日的西方心理學，而中國傳統中的神秘主義、整體論、無意志的宇宙有機論以及「象」之方法及其實踐等成就了中國的心理學傳統。本文將此傳統統稱為踐行主義心理學。只因為西方心理學所奉行的科學主義席捲了整個心理學界，最終導致了中國這一心理學傳統的消失。

Does traditional Chinese culture have its own psychological principles? Psychologists have a different opinion, while the doctrine of yijing and daoism has influenced some Western psychologists. The most of Chinese psychologists agree that the framework of modern Western psychology has been used to build in the field of psychology in China. I argue that it is important to compare the two parallel traditions. Chinese psychology should not be confined to the traditional thinking of Confucianism or Taoism. It is important for traditional Chinese science and technology cultures, including the characteristic styles of thinking and its natural philosophy and relevant practices. Western psychology is based on determinism. Chinese mysticism, holism, and the organic universe underlie Chinese traditional psychology, which is totally called the psychology of practicalism. It is because scientism swept through the whole of Western psychology that eventually led to the disappearance of the Chinese psychological principles.