嬰兒潮世代退休時期的心理需求與價值：關係主義取向

The Needs and Values of Taiwan Baby Boomers in Retirement Stage: A Relational Approach

本研究以 28 位面臨退休時期與已退休的工作者為對象，了解他們目前的心理需求與價值，並從關係主義研究法的角度分析資料。研究結果顯示嬰兒潮工作者儘管在成年前期便已經受到個人主義思潮的洗禮，但在面臨退休時期主要的心理需求相當明顯地受到出生及成長前期的社會文化教養影響：以社會關係作為安身立命的基礎，對於人生成功、成就的定義相當程度地呼應儒家「修齊治平」的理想順序。性別、家庭狀況和專業資源的多寡則使他們在這個階段的心理需求與生活重心出現明顯差異。研究者將這些需求分為四大類：(1)關係取向的自我實現需求：照顧家庭、發揮專業、生活有意義與利他服務，資源充足者比較有條件作這種選擇。(2)關係職責完成後，與原有關係斷離的自我探索需求：自主，自我成長，心靈成長。(3)關係脈絡中的關係建構需求：照顧家人與建構友誼關係。(4)關係脈絡中的關係維持需求：安全穩定生活與維持親密關係，這通常是資源比較不足者的選擇。

This study examines the psychological needs and values of Taiwanese baby boomers. Taiwanese baby boomers were born into a relation-oriented agricultural society and grew up in a more individualistic capitalist society. They have experienced both relationaland individual-oriented culture in Taiwan. We examined the impact of culture on their needs and values through a perspective of interpretative phenomenological analysis. We have interviewed 28 workers selected upon two criteria: retired/still work and high/low resources. Results indicated that relation-oriented culture still has strong impact on the needs and values of this cohort. The gender belief and resources individual held have strong influence as well. Prominent psychological needs and values of the interviewees were classified into four clusters based on their social function: (1) Relation-oriented self-actualization needs: family care, altruistic needs and value, use one's expertise and resources to improve society; (2) Relationship detached self-actualization needs: autonomy, self growth and spiritual growth; (3) Relationship reconstruction needs: family care and social relationship; (4) Relationship sustaining needs: family care, security and income.