專權與尚嚴之辨：再探威權領導的內涵與恩威並濟的效果

Juan-chiuan and Shang-yan:The Components of Authoritarian Leadership

威權領導是華人企業組織中普遍而鮮明的領導風格，雖然類似概念曾被西方學者視為戕害部屬動機的領導行為，但在當代華人企業組織中卻似乎仍有其正面作用。為了回答此一矛盾的問題，並釐清其與仁慈、德行領導呈中度負相關的原因，本研究首先深入分析法家「勢法術」的思維後，認為威權領導的內涵包含了控制人的「專權」成分與控制事的「尚嚴」成分。之後，再進一步探討專權、尚嚴領導與部屬心理賦能之間的關係，以掌握兩者間的區分效度；並檢驗專權、尚嚴領導與仁慈領導對後果變項的交互作用，一方面澄清「恩威並濟」的真實效果，一方面則再檢視兩類威權領導成分的區分效度。分析788筆有效樣本的資料後，發現：(1)專權領導對心理賦能次向度中的意義度、自決感及影響力具有負向效果；而尚嚴領導則對意義度、效能感及影響力具有正向效果；(2)恩威並濟的強化效果，主要展現在尚嚴與仁慈領導的交互作用上，並顯見於意義度、自決感及影響力；而對專權領導的負向效果，則具有弱化作用。最後，針對研究結果進行討論，並對研究限制、未來研究方向、理論貢獻及管理實務意涵加以闡述。

Authoritarian leadership, even though is criticized and undesirable in Western societies because of its unquestioned power inequality, it is still prevalent in contemporary organizations. In order to figure out this contradictory phenomenon, the purpose of this study is to explore Fajia's ideology of 'Shih, Fa, Shu', the concept of authoritarian leadership includes control over subordinates themselves and subordinates' task components, and to clarify their different effects on psychological empowerment, and to reexamine the effects of 'benevolent authoritarianism.' In a sample of 788 employees from 36 Chinese companies in Taiwan, we found that (1) juan-chiuan leadership had negative effects on the psychological empowerment dimensions of meaning, self-determination, and impact, whereas shang-yan leadership had positive effects on the psychological empowerment dimensions of meaning, competence, and impact. (2) There were significant interaction effects between benevolence and authoritarianism on meaning, self-determination, and impact when leaders demonstrated high shang-yan leadership. Specifically, the positive effects of shang-yan leadership were strengthened and the negative effects of juan-chiuan leadership were weakened when they accompanied benevolent leadership. Implications of the results for research and practice are discussed finally.