代間關係中的親職化經驗之發展與自我轉化：以成年初期女性為例

Parentification and Self-Transformation in Intergenerational Relationships: A Study of Women in Early Adulthood

本研究試圖從華人「折衷自我」與「性別角色規範」的文化視框，進一步釐清「親職化」經驗在華人家庭中形成與發展的成因；以及在傳統與現代交替之際，親職化子女在「做自己」與「要聽話」之間，又是如何展現自我的樣貌。本研究以六位成年初期女性為對象，透過深度訪談與內容分析，試圖貼近受訪者親職化經驗之發展與自我之轉化。研究結果發現，共親職功能不彰、權責失衡的夫妻關係、重男輕女的性別角色期待、子代無法撒手不管的罪咎感／責任感，以及手足關係權力位階的拉扯等多重因素交織下，成為親職化行為發展的特色。另一方面，親職化行為對成年初期女性自我展現的影響包括：敏感他人需求與評價，忽略自身情緒照顧、以犧牲換取被看見的機會與位置、感受關係中的不公平及被虧待、追求成就與渴望被關注的自我等面向。親職化經驗對子代而言其實是相當艱辛的歷程，但是在束縛與綑綁的經驗中，也有可能發展出自我韌性的辯證影響。最後，筆者針對親職化經驗在實務工作以及未來研究的啟發，提出討論與建議。

In this study, we first propose a theoretical framework of composite self and the norms of gender roles, and then delineate how parentification develops in Chinese families, and how parentified children who are caught between the traditional and contemporary values, differentiate being oneself from being obedient to develop selfhood. In the preliminary study, 6 women were interviewed, and their parentification and self-transformation experiences were analyzed. The results revealed that unclear parental function, imbalance of authority and responsibility in the marital relationship, preference for males in the gender role expectation, guilt associated with the offspring's enmeshment, and the struggle for position in the sibling relationship were among many factors that precipitated the de- velopment of parentified experiences. Furthermore, the impact of parentification on the self development of the young adult women included: sensitivity to the needs and evaluations of others, and the tendency to neglect personal emotions and needs, sacrifice in order to gain attention and position, a tendency to endure unfairness and maltreatment in a relationship, and to pursue achievement and approval. Parentification is in fact a painful process for offspring, but it can be argued that within its constraints is the potential for developing tenacity and resilience. Applications and suggestions for practices and future research are discussed.