成年子女的孝道責任與焦慮：親子關係滿意度的影響

Adolescent Perceptions of Patterns of Family Relationships and Well-being

本研究主要目的是探究青少年幸福感的現況和性別差異，以及青少年知覺家人關係面向所組成的家人關係型態及其與青少年幸福感的關聯。研究對象為居住在台北縣市七到九年級國中生，男生327人，女生320人，並與父母同住、且非獨生子女。本研究結果有幾項重要發現，首先，本研究結果顯示青少年知覺中等程度的幸福感，而不同性別的青少年在「自我滿意」和「學業人際滿意」皆未達顯著差異。其次，本研究結果顯示青少年知覺父母衝突、共親職、親子依附、手足關係形成三種家人關係型態，即「親愛扶持型」、「衝突但有連結型」及「疏遠且衝突型」。「親愛扶持型」的特色是青少年知覺到較高程度的相互支持、溝通信任和親近；「衝突但有連結型」的特色是青少年知覺較高程度的衝突對抗，但也知覺某種程度的彼此連結；「疏遠且衝突型」的特色是青少年知覺較低程度的相互支持、溝通信任和親近，且又知覺較高程度的父母衝突頻率和強度、與父母的疏離、手足敵意競爭。至於青少年知覺家人關係型態與青少年幸福感的關係，本研究結果顯示不論是「自我滿意」或「學業人際滿意」方面，幸福感程度最高的是知覺「親愛扶持型」的青少年，幸福感程度最低的是知覺「疏遠且衝突型」的青少年。

The main goals of the present study were to discover the current level of and the gender differences in Taiwanese adolescent well-being, as well as to investigate the patterns in their perception of family relationships and the different levels of well-being associated with adolescents in each pattern. The subjects in the present study were 327 male students and 320 female students who were in 7th to 9th grades of junior high school. The subjects lived in Taipei County with their parents and had siblings. The adolescents indicated a mid-level of well being with no significant gender difference. Three patterns of adolescent perception of family relationships were identified: closeness and supportiveness, conflict but with connection, and estrangement and conflict. Adolescents indicating the closeness and supportiveness pattern perceived significant higher levels of supportiveness, communication, trust, and closeness than the other two patterns. They also indicated the highest level of well-being. Adolescents in the conflict but with connection pattern perceived higher levels of conflict, but also perceived connection with parents and siblings and supportiveness between parents. Adolescents indicating the estrangement and conflict pattern perceived lower levels of supportiveness, communication, trust, and closeness, and higher levels of frequency and intensity of parental conflict, estrangement with parents, as well as hostility and competition with their siblings. They felt the lowest level of well-being.