對主觀幸福感測量的反思

Reflections on Subjective Well-being Measures

西方主觀幸福感測量研究大致有三種取向，即生活質量意義上的主觀幸福感測量、心理健康意義上的主觀幸福感測量、心理發展意義上的主觀幸福感測量。儘管西方研究者們在主觀幸福感測量方面取得了很大的進展，但仍然存在著一些凸出的問題，集中表現在：主觀幸福感測量指標有待於整合、主觀幸福感測量研究方法論有待於創新、以及沒有很好解決主觀幸福感測量研究中的文化差異問題。作者提出了體驗論主觀幸福感測量研究的觀點與思路，認為幸福是人們對現實生活的主觀反映，它既與人們生活的客觀條件密切相關，又體現了人們的需求和價值。主觀幸福感正是由這些因素共同作用而產生的個體對自身存在與發展狀況的一種積極的心理體驗。體驗論主觀幸福感測量研究的著眼點在於主觀幸福感體驗的內容，即能夠引起主觀幸福感體驗的體驗對象。體驗論主觀幸福感測量研究採取的是整合的研究思路，關注的是一種相對穩定的心理現象，並力求使所開發的測量工具在特定文化背景下具有普遍適用性。

There are three trends of subjective well-being (SWB) measures: quality of life, mental heath, and psychological development. Although Western researchers have made great progress in this field, there are still some hurdles to be overcome, including the consistency of various indicators, research methodology, and cultural differences. In this article, based on the literature on SWB measures and related literature on happiness from metaphysics, an experiential view is proposed, which considers happiness to be the subjective reflection of real-life that is not only related to people's objective life conditions, but also to their needs and values. SWB is the positive psychological experience of one's status of existence and development. A measure of SWB is developed to reflect the integration of train of thought and relatively stable psychological phenomenon.