臺灣地區的族群認同與對日態度

Ethnic Identification and Attitudes towards the Japanese in Taiwan

台灣族群認同的研究多半集中在其與接受或排斥「中國」的關係上。本研究則是將歷史上同時與中國、台灣有密切關係的日本納入台、中、日的三角體系中。大陸中國與日本的歷史情結幾乎是穩定的負向，從Heider的P-O-X的三角平衡理論來看，只接受單一台灣族群認同者或台灣意識強烈者自然蘊有親日態度，以維持此三角關係的平衡。不管是由於維持台、中、日三角關係的認知情感平衡，或以親日態度做為輔助建立台灣認同的工具性意識，都可以誘發對日本的較正面態度。本研究分析二百九十五位受測者所得的資料發現，不同族群認同者的確有不同的對日態度，自我認同為「台灣人」者比起含有中國人成分的其他族群認同類別者，給予日本比中國更多的好評、對於日本負面歷史行為做出更有利的歸因、在意涵政治本土化與追求台灣獨立的台灣意識得分也最高。抽出本省人中二十五歲以下的受試者，各別將他們分成高台灣意識組與低台灣意識組，發現兩組受試者在對日態度與對日本的負面歷史行為做有利歸因的分數上有顯著差異。迴歸分析顯示，台灣意識比族群認同更能預測受試者對日本過去的負向作為做有利的歸因。本文以Heider的平衡理論、族群認同的主觀建構性及結構性遺忘等概念解釋台、中、日之間的三角群際關係。

Although most people in Taiwan consider themselves ethnically Han Chinese, many also differentiate themselves into one of two ethnicitie: Taiwanese or Chinese. Because of its historical connection to both China and Taiwan, Japan is occasionally involved in the complex and polemical problems of ethnic identification of the people of Taiwan. The results of this study indicated that favorable attitudes toward Japan relative to China may be predicted by subjective ethnic identification and Taiwanese ideology. Those people who identify themselves as Taiwanese tend to have a more positive perception of Japan relative to China, and attribute the negative behaviors committed by the Japanese during colonization to more positive causes than those who identify themselves as Chinese. Furthermore, ideology related to the pursuit of Taiwan's independence and political indigenization mediated ethnic identification and favorable attitudes toward Japan. The predictions and results are discussed by referring to Heider's P-O-X balance theory, cognitive construction of ethnic identification, and selective forgetting of history in order to reconstruct a new ethnic identity.