高中資優學生生涯發展組型分析與輔導

The Anaysis and Application of Career Development Patterns to Talented Students in Senior High School

本研究旨在應用已標準化之「生涯發展組型量表」，分析比較各類型高中資優學生的生涯發展組型，並進行優勢組型典型例案解析。「生涯發展組型量表」係綜合精簡的「工作價值觀量 表」、「生涯探索量表」、「多元智能量表」與學生在校學業表現等四種評量，可分析學生在實用組 型、研究組型、藝術組型、社會組型、企業組型、事務組型等六種職涯組型（依Holland理論）及人文組型和數理組型等兩種學涯組型（依現行高二開始之分組），共八種組型優弱勢分布情形。本研究採立意抽樣方式調查分布全臺灣北、中、南、東四區之8所高中，共得有效高二資優學生樣本528人。另以「生涯發展組型量表」之高二常模樣本1,214人作為普通生組，以變異數分析進行組間差異考驗。結果發現，在性別差異方面，資優男生的實用組型、研究組型和數理組型顯著高於資優女生，資優女生的社會組型、 藝術組型與人文組型顯著高於資優男生，企業組型與事務組型則兩性差異不顯著，符合一般的理解。至於組別差異，整體而言，資優生的生涯發展組型與其原隸屬之資優類型相符，惟在生涯發展上顯示比普通生較大的區分性，生涯發展方向較為明確；數理資優生的生涯發展較傾向實用組型、研究組型與數理組型，而人文社會資優生偏向社會組型與人文組型；藝術才能資優生則在藝術組型與人文組型較具優勢。根據研究發現，研究者就「生涯發展組型量表」的應用，以及高中資優學生的學涯輔導和職涯輔導策略，提出若干建議。

The purposes of this study were to apply the Career Development Pattern Scale (CDPS) to senior high talented students for a better understanding of their career development. The CDPS is comprised of eight subscales, including six vocational pattern scale (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional) according to Holland's theory of vocational interests and two academic pattern scale (Humanistic and Scientific) according to current senior high tracking system in Taiwan. The talented samples were 528 eleventh grade students derived from 8 senior high schools, stratified in Taiwan northern, central, southern, and eastern areas. The comparative group was 1,214 eleventh grade regular students derived from the CDPS norm data. By means of two-way analysis of variance, it was found that males were superior to females on Realistic, Investigative, and Scientific scales, while females were superior to males on Social, Artistic, and Humanistic ones. There were no significant gender differences on Enterprising and Conventional. As to group differences, the strength career development patterns(CDPs) of the talented were, in general, in accordance with their types of talented class. For example, the scientific ones were inclined to Realistic, Investigative, and Scientific domains, the humansocial ones were inclined to Social and Humanistic, the artistic ones were inclined to Artistic and Humanistic. Some typical cases were illustrated for interpreting individual strength and weakness of CDPs. The application of the CDPs in academic counseling and career counseling for the talented are discussed accordingly.