職家平衡在臺灣：一個發展中國家的現況

The Dynamism of Balancing Work and Family in a Developing Society: Evidence from Taiwan

有鑑於職家文獻以橫斷性研究居多，且多為西方樣本。本文以兩個相反但卻互補的「壓力」與「資源」理論觀點，在「前因─職家互動─後果」軸線上彙整台灣近期的職家研究發現，以檢視源自西方的職家構念應用於華人樣本的概推性。並以一份近期於台灣蒐集的三時間點縱貫性資料，針對職家衝突何以發生？並進而影響員工角色滿意度的作用歷程，提供完整的檢視。此外，為回應近來西方研究對正向職家互動及其背後理論架構的關注，本文亦簡要說明前述三時間點縱貫資料中，工作與家庭增益的研究發現。研究回顧顯示，台灣的職家研究發現大致與西方研究一致。而縱貫性研究結果則支持「工作與家庭要求、職家衝突、角色滿意度」之間的歷時循環關連，以及「工作與家庭資源、職家增益、角色滿意度」之間的歷時循環關連。此外，前述研究變項皆具有跨時間穩定性，而職家互動中的工作對家庭衝突、家庭對工作衝突、工作對家庭增益、家庭對工作增益則是四個可區分的構念。

The aims of this paper are: (1) to organize the recent Taiwan findings to examine the extent to which existing Western findings can be generalized to a Chinese population. (2) Drawing on data obtained through a three-wave panel study conducted in Taiwan, we examined the processes through which 'work and family conflict' and work and family enrichment' arise and affect employees' role satisfaction. The review shows that the theoretical framework of Western work/family research can be applied to a large extent to the Chinese context. And, our longitudinal study shows that 'work and family pressure, WFC/FWC and role satisfaction,' and 'work and family resources, WFE/FWE and role satisfaction' are all causes and consequences in the dynamic processes. The results of SEM revealed that the four-factor model (WFC, FWC, WFE, FWE) consistently outperformed other alternative models in all three batches of data collected.