父親後設情緒理念與幼兒情緒表達關係——以生氣情緒為例

The Relationship between Paternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy toward Anger and Children’s Expression of Anger

本研究目的在探討父親對生氣情緒的後設情緒理念與幼兒生氣情緒表達兩者之間的關係。研究對象為台北市、新北市及桃園縣公私立幼稚園與托兒所115位大班幼兒（男61，女54；平均年齡69.7個月）及其父親。研究工具有二，一為「父母後設情緒理念量表」，由幼兒的父親填答。二為幼兒生氣情緒表達，使用三個「生氣情境故事圖」與「情緒臉譜」兩種訪談工具，由幼兒來回答問題並記錄其所回答的口語內容。研究資料經描述性統計、t考驗、χ2考驗、皮爾森積差相關、二因子混合設計變異數分析及階層迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。研究結果為：男孩比女孩更常使用迴避的生氣表達方式；父親在四種後設情緒理念類型傾向方面，情緒教導型理念最高，情緒摒除型理念次之，情緒不干涉型與情緒失控型理念則沒有差異；父親愈強調情緒教導型理念則幼兒生氣表達強度就愈低，生氣表達方式亦愈具有建設性，反之，父親愈強調情緒失控型理念則幼兒生氣表達強度就愈高，生氣表達方式亦愈不具有建設性；父親對幼兒的照顧愈多，可以預測幼兒的低生氣表達強度；父親的教育程度越低，與幼兒的高生氣強度及無建設性的生氣表達方式有正相關。本研究並依據研究結果提出具體建議。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between paternal meta-emotion philosophy toward anger and the expression of anger in young children. The participants were 115 six-year-olds (61 males, 54 females; mean age=69.7 months) and their fathers, all of whom lived in Taipei and Taoyuan. The Paternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy Questionnaire was completed by the children’s fathers. Children’s expression of anger was measured by the children’s responses to 3 hypothetical stories. The results indicated that boys used avoidance more than girls in anger-eliciting situations. When fathers adopted the emotion-coaching philosophy, children reported lower intensity of anger and more constructive strategies. On the contrary, when fathers adopted the emotion-as-a-dysfunction philosophy, children reported higher intensity of anger and fewer constructive strategies. Paternal involvement in caregiving was found to predict the intensity of anger expressed by children. Less educated fathers had children who reported higher intensity of anger and fewer constructive strategies. Based on these results, suggestions for parents and future researchers are provided.