父母共親職類型與親職壓力之探討

Coparenting Patterns and Parenting Stress

本研究主要目的是探討父親和母親教養聯盟和親職參與所構成的共親職類型、家庭特徵因素和親職壓力的關聯。本研究以大台北地區有國小低、高年級學童之父母，而父母未曾離婚或分居者為研究對象，共計805對父母。研究工具包括「教養聯盟量表」、「親職參與量表」、「親職壓力量表」。本研究重要結果顯示，共親職類型有「同心協力型」、「干預撤離型」和「母主內型」三種類型。其次，從家庭層次來看，母親親職壓力大於父親。而且，比之「母主內型」父母，「同心協力型」父母在各面向的親職壓力都較小，「干預撤離型」父母在「親子關係」的壓力較大，「健康發展」壓力較小，「生活調適」和「教養爭議」壓力則沒有顯著差異。家庭特徵變項中，父親收入越少者，父母在「親子關係」、「健康發展」、「教養爭議」越大，子女性別為兒子、較少子女數、母親非全職工作者，父母有較大的「親子關係」壓力，低年級學童父母的「生活調適」壓力較大。本研究發現「同心協力型」父母的親職壓力最小，在理論建構和實務上均具有意義。

The main goals of the present study were to investigate coparenting the effects of coparenting patterns and family characteristics on parenting stress. The subjects of the present study included 805 pairs of parents in Taipei City and Taipei County. These parents had at least one child who was 1st -2nd or 5th - 6th graders in elementary school. Three instruments were used in the present study including “Parenting Alliance Scale”, “Parental Involvement Scale”, and “Parenting Stress Scale”. The results showed, first of all, there were three coparenting patterns: “support and involvement”, “undermining and withdrawal”, and “high maternal involvement”. Secondly, based on the analyses of family level, mothers experienced a higher level of parenting stress than fathers did. Compaed to parents in “high maternal involvement pattern”, parents in “support and involvement pattern” experienced a lower level of parenting stress in every aspect; however, parents in “undermining and withdrawal” experienced a higher level of parenting stress in the “parent-child relationship” aspect and a lower level of parenting stress in the “health and development”aspect. As for the “life adjustment” and “parenting argument”, aspects of parenting stress, there were no significant differences between parents in “high maternal involvement” and parents in “undermining and withdrawal”. Finally, parents with lower father income experienced a higher level of parenting stress ing the “parent-child relationship,” “health and development,” and “parenting argument” aspects parents with sons, or parents with fewer children, or mothers without full-time jobs expericened a higher level of parenting stress in the “parent-child relationship” aspect; parents with 1st – 2nd graders experienced a higher level of parenting stress in the “life adjustment” aspect. The results showed that parents in “support and involvement” experienced a lower level of parenting stress. Result of the present study provide implications for theory building and parenting practice.