生命斷裂與超越：男性失業者之存在處境詮釋

A Crisis of Discontinuity and to Get Beyond :Interpret the Existence of Unemployed Men

本研究嘗試深入男性失業者的內在心理狀態，尤其是聚焦在失業經驗中失業者的存在處境與狀態，這是過去研究未曾觸及的。本研究採用詮釋現象典範之方法，對2 位男性失業者深度訪談，採集了關於失業經驗與工作生命史的敘說資料，並分別進行主題與生命視框分析以及存在分析。主題與生命視框分析結果發現，個案1 的第一次關廠失業前的生命視框是「工作是為了生活穩定」，雖持續依附於大型企業工廠中，但卻因為關廠失業使視框改變。個案1 的第二次失業之前是在工地打零工，此階段的生命視框是「工作是為了生活、家庭撐下去」以及「工作生涯不循社會一般路徑與評價」，透過「賣體力」、「有工就做」、「廣泛建立工作合作的網絡」等生涯策略來達成，但最後因建築業景氣低迷，嚴重開工不足而失業。個案2 在失業前的工作是消費品代理商的業務主管，此階段的生命視框是「工作是長期投入求發展」以及「工作是兄弟情義的匯聚場」，他透過持續在一家公司投入與耕耘，追求階層上升的成就感，另外同僚關係的兄弟情義也是他重要的生命意義。但公司組織重整的手段與遭裁員的結果使他的生命視框與意義也受到衝擊。而存在的時間性分析則發現失業者敘說失業經驗時，呈現的是不甘心或不值得的過去，茫然甚至絕望的未來，使得現在變成空虛或隔絕感受等難以指稱或定位自我的狀態。這顯示失業可能讓人落入失去置身位置的「深淵」或「詭異」狀態，直接面對存在的終極議題及其焦慮，但在此狀態中也讓人有機會解構原本虛假的日常生活的視框，再建構接近本真存在的可能性。

The present study is to investigate the inner mental status of unemployed men, especially focus on their existential situation and state in the unemployed men. Materials of the unemployment experience and career history are gathered to be used in the thematic and life frame analyses. Results show that the life before the first time employment case 1 hold that “job is to maintain a stable life.” He attached to a large textile mill until the life-frame changed with the closedown of the factory. Before the second unemployment, case 1 saw life as “working is propped up for life and family” and “work may surmount the possibility of environmental limits.” He tried to make it through tactics such as “his physical vigor”, “there will be work on the making,” and “setting up a cooperative working network extensively.” etc.. However, he ended up unemployed due to the slow business cycle of construction industry. Case 2 used to be a sales manager in consumer goods, his life frame in this stage was “to work is to pursue long-term development” and “company is where people can get together as brothers.” He worked only in one company to pursue his sense of achievement through promotion. Besides, brotherhood is also very important in his life. Yet, his life frame and meaningfulness was impacted by the reorganizing and been laid off. Existential analysis shows the unemployed men felt unreconciled or unworthy, or even hopeless.