臺灣軍事心理學發展的回顧與展望：實徵分析研究

The Review and Perspective of the Development of Military Psychology in Taiwan : A Content Analysis

本文分析234篇台灣的軍事心理學研究，以回顧台灣軍事心理學（military psychology）的過去、現狀並提出未來建議。本文將軍事心理學的發展歷史脈絡區分為：移植期、潛伏期、定型期、多元期等四個階段。分析結果顯示：（一）早期軍事心理學研究以「測驗評量」為主，移植美軍的研究成果，成為台灣應用心理學研究的先驅，但是在受軍隊委託研究的學者轉往民間發展後，軍事心理學的發展逐漸減少與停滯，直到政戰學校成立軍事心理研究中心及心理學系後，軍事心理學才重新發展。（二）軍事心理學研究具有個人特色，會因研究者的領域專長而限制了其研究廣度。（三）在質量上，整體而言軍事心理學的研究數量逐年變異頗大，而在品質上，則仍有進步空間。（四）在主題上，目前軍事心理學研究主題以「諮商臨床」和「組織行為」類研究為主，其它類研究較少，而這些較少被探討的主題包含了一些對軍事組織而言重要的議題（如：訓練、戰場心理等）。（五）在內容上，軍事心理學研究的探討議題過於分散，導致研究人力和資源無法集中，難以累積研究成果。（六）在深度上，目前軍事心理學研究比較像是「以軍隊為樣本」的社會科學研究，而非「針對軍隊特性」所做的研究，因此深度不足。（七）在應用上，目前軍事心理學研究對實務產生影響者並不多，造成研究和實務上的裂痕。（八）很多軍事心理學研究因為保密的要求，以致無法發表，因此限制了軍事心理學研究的能見度，及學術社群對研究品質的檢核。針對上述發現，本文提出未來軍事心理學發展之建議。此外，本文亦根據現況及軍隊之實務需求，建議未來軍事心理學可區分為五個專業領域加以發展：（一）諮商臨床；（二）組織行為；（三）教育訓練；（四）測驗評量以及（五）戰場心理。

This paper reviews the development of military psychology in Taiwan from its early beginnings in post-World War II to 2007. According to the analysis of 234 military psychology researches, it was found that: (1) In the early days, researches of military psychology in Taiwan was imported from U.S.. The emphasis of research is psychological testing then. There was no local military psychology until the set-up of Fu Hsing Kang College in 1982. (2) The discipline of researchers substantially influenced the scope and range of military psychology in Taiwan. (3) The quantity of military psychology research varies greatly year by year, and the quality of research is not high enough as expected. (4) The majority of researches focus on counselling / clinical psychology and organizational behavior issues. It is worthy to pay attention to that many important military psychology issues, such as training and psychological warfare, are ignored. (5) The issues of research is too scattered to accumulate fruitful results. (6) Most researches are deficient in considering the uniqueness of military context. (7) There is a gap between the research and practice of military psychology. (8) Some military psychology researches are unpublished because of confidential reasons, which restrict the visibility and peer review of them. Based on the above findings, suggestions for future military psychology study in Taiwan are addressed. In addition, the authors also suggested that military psychology in Taiwan should be divided into five domains: (1) counselling and clinical psychology, (2) organizational behavior, (3) training and development, (4) psychological testing and assessment, and (5) mentality in battlefield.