社交性飲酒價值觀：臺灣基層農業推廣工作者之分析

Values Toward Social Drinking：An Analysis of Township-level Agricultural Extension Agents in Taiwan

農業推廣是農業領域牽涉最多人際互動的工作領域，而社交性飲酒與推廣工作有密切關係，本研究即在探索飲酒在農業推廣網絡中所具有的價值和可能的影響因素。在以價值觀量表共計51 道題目，對農會和公所行政體系之農業推廣工作者作調查後，發現中國傳統價值中鼓勵適度飲酒、女性不宜飲酒、酗酒是不應該等價值，有其相當高的認同度，但贊成飲酒有助於推廣工作達成的比例不低之事實，也透露出現代社會工作職場中飲酒之工具性功能日益浮現。進一步以因素分析共萃取出社交禮儀、男性及工作傳統、誤事費時、逃避現實、有利工作與生活、有助交際與健康，獲取資源和提昇地位等八個概念層面，區分為對飲酒本質所持價值觀和對飲酒所具功能之價值觀兩大類。其中「飲酒有助於交際與健康」、「飲酒是誤事費時」的價值觀所得到的贊同度最高，同質性也最強，而「飲酒是男性及工作傳統」、「飲酒有助於提昇地位」的價值所獲得認同最低，且態度呈現兩極化的傾向。在概念層次來看，性別、階級、社會支持、飲酒行為和工作壓力因素，都與推廣工作者的飲酒價值觀有關，影響力則視推廣體系的不同而異。

Agricultural extension for long involves tremendous interpersonal relationships and social drinking behaviors within agricultural network in Taiwan. To clarify the values toward social drinking and its influential factors, this study acquires agricultural extensionists’ responses based on a cross-sectional survey data consisting of 51 value items. As a whole, social drinking is verified to facilitate interpersonal relationships to great extent. Besides, male agent is more tolerated by the society to exhibit more social drinking behaviors which in essence reflects Chinese traditions. It is of great importance that social drinking is confirmed to possess functions of assisting extension tasks significantly which presents an instrumental function different from traditional values. Whatsoever, to perform heavy drinking behavior seem to invoke significant condemnation. After all, the values are theoretically divided into two constructs, values toward roles and functions of drinking. Eight dimensions of values, named respectively “social skills”, “male dominance and tradition”, “time-wasting and destructive”, “reality avoidance”, “work and life mobilizer”, “social relationships and health facilitator”, “resource obtaining enabler”, and “status promoter”, are consequently extracted from the data. Among which, the values of “social relationships and health facilitator” and “time-wasting and destructive” gains homogeneously more endorsement from the sampled respondents, whereas that of “male dominance and tradition” and “status promoter” exhibits heterogeneously least support. It is found that values toward social drinking, moderated by extension system, tends to differ across varieties of respondent’s gender, class, social support, drinking behaviors, and job stress.