早產兒口腔餵食介入措施之實證照護指引

Oral Feeding Intervention Guidelines of Preterm Infant

早產兒因吸吮功能尚未發展成熟，口腔吸吮功能軟弱，多合併有不同程度的餵食障礙，早產兒若未能在出院達到成熟的口腔餵食能力，容易導致住院天數延長或依賴鼻胃管灌食，而造成父母居家照護的困難度。本文針對早產兒不成熟的口腔餵食能力進行介入措施之實證文獻探討，以系統性回顧的方式，將早產兒口腔餵食介入措施包含「口腔刺激」、「口腔支持」、「非營養性吸吮」、「袋鼠式護理」之文獻查證與操作步驟加以彙整，提出早產兒口腔餵食介入措施之實證照護指引，以期能改善早產兒口腔餵食能力與母親哺餵母乳之效能，並發展新生兒加護單位之獨特護理功能。

Feeding difficulty is a common problem in preterm infants because of neurological immaturity. The inability of preterm infants to orally feed will delay discharge, or rely on gavage feeding, and therefore increase the difficulties for home care. The purpose of this study is to review the evidence based on literatures about feeding difficulties of preterm infants and to gather the interventions such as oral stimulation, oral support, non-nutritive sucking, and kangaroo mother care. The comprehensive overview of the oral feeding intervention guidelines of preterm infants will help specialists to improve oral sucking capability and efficiency of nipple feeding, and develop the specific characteristics of nursing care in neonatal intensive care unit.