唇顎裂兒童母親親職壓力之初探

Parenting Stress among Mothers with Lip and Palate Cleft Children

在台灣，每年約有500～600位唇顎裂新生兒誕生。唇顎裂的發生會影響孩子的外觀、語言及吞嚥功能，因此從唇顎裂兒出生後，母親便承擔一連串的生、心理的照護壓力，更需面對缺陷兒所帶來的悲傷、愧疚、自責等情緒反應。本研究目的旨在探討唇顎裂幼童的母親其所承受的親職壓力程度及影響親職壓力的相關因素。研究以橫斷式、立意取樣進行，樣本來自於北部某醫學中心顱顏外科門診，共收取88位唇顎裂兒童的母親為樣本，研究工具包括：基本資料、親職壓力量表及家庭功能量表三部分，資料分析以描述性及推論性統計進行。研究結果如下：(1)唇顎裂母親所感受的親職壓力總分為88.07(SD 20.90)分，母親感受最大的壓力為「親職愁苦」次量表。(2)家庭功能之平均為7.42(2.71)分，屬家庭功能正常之層級。(3)母親為外籍者其所感受的親職壓力高於本國籍母親，且達統計之顯著差異。(4)親職壓力與家庭功能呈負相關。根據研究結果可協助護理人員面對唇顎裂兒童母親時，除提供相關生、心理照護資訊，並協助母親因應其親職角色，紓解親職壓力，建立良好的親子關係。

In Taiwan, one in every five to six hundreds live births suffers from cleft lip and/or palate. Cleft lip is known to have negative effects on a child’s appearance, language development, and ability to swallow. Parents of lip cleft children may bear a lot of physical and mental distress. The purposes of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the level of parenting stress and its associated factors. Eightyeight mothers who had cleft lip and palate children in a plastic outpatient unit at a medical center in northern Taiwan were sampled. Two measurement instruments were adopted, including Stress Index-Short Form and Family Adaptation Partnership Growth Affective Relation Index. Findings of this study were as the followings: (1) The total score of parenting stress was 88.07. The “ parenting distress” appeared to be the most stressful item; (2) The average score of family function was 7.42 which indicated a level of normal family function; (3) Mothers from foreign countries had a higher parenting stress level than did the native mothers; (4) Parenting stress negatively related to family function. The study provides nurses with a reference to help mothers of lip and/or palate cleft children develop coping strategies while facing parenting stress.