影響大學新生入學前一年身體活動量的因素探討

Influential Factors of Taiwanese College Freshmen’s Physical Activity Level

肥胖對青少年健康的威脅日益嚴重，增加身體活動量是控制青少年肥胖最重要的策略之一，但現今的青少年普遍缺乏規律運動。本研究目的在了解當前大學新生之身體活動現況，並探討影響其入學前一年身體活動之因素。本研究採橫斷式的相關性研究設計，以結構式問卷調查南台灣某大學93學年度入學且參加該校衛生保健組所舉辦之新生體檢的大學部學生，有效樣本共1,910位，結果顯示，研究對象有規律運動之比率為23.8％，不同肥胖程度之大學新生其身體活動量並無統計上之顯著差異。運動自我效能、過去運動經驗、運動社會支持、自覺運動障礙與性別可以解釋研究對象之身體活動量，解釋之總變異量為16.5％，其中以運動自我效能為最強之解釋變項(12.1％)。此結果建議該校相關單位，在設計規劃有關促進大學生身體活動上，可從強化運動社會支持度、提昇運動自我效能與善用過去運動經驗等三方面著手。

Adolescent obesity is highly associated with increased risk of a multitude of health problems, and increased physical activity is one of the best strategies to stop obesity epidemic. Research findings have suggested that most Taiwanese adolescents do not actively engaged in regular physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine college freshmen’s physical activity level and factors associated with their physical activity level one year before they enrolled at an university in Taiwan. This crosssectional study surveyed college freshmen who participated in the health assessment program at one university in southern Taiwan in 2004. A total of 1910 freshmen (64.1 male, 35.9% female) completed self-report measures of physical activity and their cognitions about physical activity. The findings suggested that 23.8% freshmen reported to have regular physical activity. No statistically significant difference in the amount of physical activity was found among the four groups with different body mass index. Based on the results of regression analysis, exercise self-efficacy, past exercise experiences, social support for exercise, barriers for exercise, and gender explained 16.5% of the variance in physical activity among college freshmen. Furthermore, exercise self-efficacy was the strongest factor that accounted for 12.1% variance of physical activity. The results suggested that school administration should aim at increasing social support for exercise and exercise self-efficacy to promote physical activity among college freshmen.