從護理的角色看營養評估

Nutritional Assessment--The Viewpoint of Nursing Role

營養狀況在人體康復及預防疾病上扮演著不可或缺的角色。然而，超過40至50％的住院病患有營養不良的問題，因此臨床上的營養評估即變得相當重要。護理人員的責任是要與營養專家或營養師共同維持或促進每一位患者理想的營養狀態，而相較於其他專業，護理人員因站在照顧住院病患的第一線上，故為營養評估上重要的角色。依據營養評估的結果，護理人員需進一步與醫師、營養師、病患本身及其家屬協商，共同制訂一個別且適當的營養支持計畫。本文收集且整合了最近相關之文獻，重申及強調護理人員在營養評估上的重要角色與功能，希望藉此可以提供臨床上護理人員在營養評估上的知識與技巧，篩檢出具有高危險性營養不良之患者，進而協助制訂一適切、有效的營養照護計畫。

Nutrition plays an integral role in healing process and the prevention of certain illness. Over 40 to 50% the hospitalized patients have problem of malnutrition, so that nutritional assessment is becoming important. Nurses work with the dietitian or nutritionist to promote optimum nutrition for each patient. Comparing with other professionals, nurses play the key role in nutritional assessment because they stand in the first line on caring hospitalized patients. Furthermore, based on the assessment of nutrition, nurses can discuss with physicians, dietitians, patients themselves, and their families to make an appropriate nutritional care plan. This article collects and summarizes recent literature reviews, and advocates the nursing role in nutritional assessment, aiming at providing nurses knowledge and skills to assess the nutritional status in patients and then screen the patients with high risk of malnutrition and help to make an appropriate and effective nutritional care plan.