加護單位護理人員對其工作壓力來源之反應及調適

Coping Measures of Intensive Care Unit Nurses in Response to Work-related Stressor

本研究目的在於了解加護病房護理人員的壓力來源、反應及對壓力調適方法，並探討其三者間之相關性及其三者間與加護單位護理人員基本屬性之相關性及差異，此研究是敘述相關性調查法。以北部地區某五所市立醫院內、外科加護病房護理人員為研究對象，共得127份有效問卷，所得資料以電腦SPSS-PC分析。主要研究結果顯示：(1)缺乏正面回饋（精神鼓勵或薪資調整）、輪班及危急狀況為加護單位護理人員主要壓力來源。(2)疲憊、容易心煩及挫折感為加護單位護理人員主要壓力反應。(3)看電視或閱讀書籍、與同事討論問題及尋找問題解決方法為加護單位護理人員主要對壓力之正向調適方法；考慮更換工作、努力工作但對工作喜愛度減少及及喝咖啡因（咖啡／茶／飲料）為加護單位護理人員主要對壓力之負向調適方法。(4)壓力大小與壓力反應(r=.64, p<.Ol)及與負向調適方法(r=.40, p<.01)有顯著正相關(5)護理人員壓力大小與護理人員照顧病患比例有顯著正相關(r=.24, p<.05)。(6)護理人員壓力大小與參加有關壓力調適課程之時數(r=-.30, p<.05)、參加死亡和臨終護理課程時數(r=-.38, p<.01)均有顯著負相關。(7)壓力反應與參加壓力處理課程之時數有顯著負相關(r=-.34, p<.05)。(8)不同加護單位別護理人員與壓力反應及負向壓力調適有顯著之差異(p<.05)。此研究結果可提供加護單位護理人員及主管作參考。

The purpose of this study was to assess stressors, response to stressors, and coping measures in ICU nurses. A descriptive study was used in the study. The sample consisted of 127 ICU nurses in the northern five municipal hospitals. The SPSS-PC was used to analyze the data. Findings of the study indicated as follows: 1. Lack of reward, shift rotation, and crisis atmosphere were the most perceived stressors in ICU nurses in this study. 2. Fatigue, being easily upset, and frustration were the three most often negative response to stressors in ICU nurses. 3. Watching TV/reading, discussing problems with co-workers, and problem solving were the three most frequently used adaptive coping measures. Considering changing jobs, working harder/enjoy less, and caffeine (coffee, tea, and soft drinks) were the most commonly used maladaptive coping measures in this study. 4. The work-related stress was positively related to negative response and maladaptive copying measures. 5. There were statistically significant correlations among staff/patient ratio, hours of stress management, hours of attendance at a death and dying course and work-related stress. 6. The statistically significant negative relationship involved the response to stressors and the number of hours of stress management received. 7. There were statistically significant differences in response to stressors and negative coping measures among different type of ICU nurses.