智障者社區安置支持性因素之探討

The Supporting Factors for the Community Placenent of People with Mental Retardation

本研究的目的在探討智障者社區安置支持性因素，以自編的「智障者社區安置問卷」與「態度量表」調查與智障者社區安置有關之家長352人，相關機構人員276人，社區民眾455人，共1083人。研究結果發現，成功的智障者社區安置主要因素依序為社區民眾的支持、政府政策的支持，以及家長的參與。推行社區安置所遭遇的主要問題是專業人才不足、缺乏完整的實施計畫等。此外分別針對智障者本身與其家人、社會環境與相關機構人員以及計畫內容等做探討，以了解與智障者社區安置推展的關係。本研究亦分別對政府之政策、法令與相關人員提出若干建議，以做為推展智障者社區安置之參考。

A questionnaire survey was conducted to study the supporting factors for the community placement of people with mental retardation. A 'Community Placement for the People with Mental Retardation' questionnaire, together with an 'Attitude Rating Scale', was administered to 1083 subjects, including 276 institution administrative staff, 455 community members, and 352 family members of persons with mental retardation. The result indicates that positive ingredients for a successful community placement program include, in the order of their significance, the supportive attitude of community members, a favorite governmental policy, and the involvement of parents of the mentally retarded. The results also suggest that the major obstacles to a successful community placement program are the lack of trained professionals and the absence of an integral community placement program. Legal and managerial strategies are also proposed to further improve the community placement for people with mental retardation.