高齡族群對產品操作障礙與認知之研究：以電視機遙控器為例

The Obstacles and Cognition of Operating Product for Aged People by the Example of TV Remote Control

本研究旨在探討高齡族群對產品的操作障礙及認知之分析研究，並以電視機遙控器作為全部研究過程之產品範例。首先經由文獻探討，以建立實驗架構，並經由實徵研究的訪問測試方式，以基本資料、健康自評量表、及產品操作型態取向要因問卷，配合功能測試模型為實驗工具，對所篩選的仁愛之家、居家、長青學苑三種不同訪問地點的高齡族共計58位，進行訪問測試，並將所蒐集的資料加以統計分析，發致以下幾項主要發現：一、受試者的年齡以65～69歲最多，教育程度多為不識字或小學畢業者，職業背景多為家管、工、商業；而以不同群體而言：仁愛之家高齡者，獨居者多，生活費若不是由政府補助，即是自費安養，且未婚人數略多於已婚人數，每月生活費總數小於在家及長青學苑的高齡者，對於經濟情形而言，三群受試者均呈現一致滿意程度。二、受試者均具有相當高的健康自評，且對電視遙控器的操作習慣以右手舉手操作者居多。其對於功能類型的實測顯示，操作功能類型的要因區分及因素反應由高而低分別為標示尺寸協助類型、位置靠邊導引類型、圖紋顯現不足類型、圖紋記號特異類型、面板眩光干擾類型、圖地對比模糊類型、功能位置隱沒等……。三、受試者對操作型態取向要因區分及因素反應由高而低分別為頻率取向、視覺搜尋操作取向、整體主觀評價取向、直接接觸操作取向。四、受試者的操作型態取向要因與健康自評、操作功能類型要因具有相關性。五、健康自評、操作功能類型要因對受試者的操作型態取向而言，具有某些程度的預測力。六、健康自評、操作功能類型要因對受試者的操作型態取向的全體變異，具有某些程度的解釋力。七、多次的接受指導與學習，的確可以有效輔導受試者對電視遙控器的操作。以上各項實驗結果顯示，本研究所探討的主旨高齡者對產品的操作障礙的事實存在，以及高齡者對產品操作認知特性的瞭解。文末並針對實務及未來的研究做了數項建議。

The research aimed to study the obstacles and cognitions of operating product for aged people by the example of TV remote controls. The empircal experimental methods were useful to test 58 aged persons who distributed over the home for destitute old people, the normal family for spending time at home, and the school for aged people. The methods utilized 6 TV remote control models and the questionnaires of the basic data, the subjective health evaluation, and the operating product typology. According the statistical analysis, we made some conlusions.1. The most samples were 65-69 Years old, illiterate or graduated from primary school. Moreover, the most samples vocational backgrounds were housekeepers, workers, and businessmen.2. The most samples whose custom of operating remote control were right hands, had rery high subjective health evaluation. The operating function patterns of factor responses from high to low were large mark assisting pattern, single position leading pattern, short stripes appearing pattern, stripes & signs peculiar pattern, panel glare disturbing pattern, figure-ground blur pattern, and hidden function position pattern.3. The operating orientation style of factor responses from high to low were frequency style, visual searching operating style, total subjective evaluation style, and direct contact operating style.4. The samples' operating orientation styles can be correlated, predicted, and explained with subjective health evaluations and operating function patterns.5. The samples who accepted direction and learn operating products many times can be guided effectively operating TV remote contral. The above results showed the existent obstacles and the cognitive characteristics to operate product for aged people. Finally, we made some suggestions for the practical uses and the future researches.