職業棒球仲裁制度之研究：以美國職業棒球大聯盟仲裁制度為核心

Arbitration in Professional Baseball: Focusing on the System in Major League Baseball

職業運動為社會活動之一環，當事人間亦會發生紛爭。由於職業運動與一般社會活動不同而具有特殊性，其紛爭之解決講求快速，否則當事人之權益可能因程序進行之冗長及時間之延宕而受到損害，故著重時間效益之替代性紛爭解決機制即成為職業運動紛爭解決較佳之選擇，其中具有與確定判決相同效力之仲裁尤然。美國眾多的職業運動中，職業棒球大聯盟之仲裁制度為所有職業運動中最為完善，球員、球團間產生的大部分衝突，均能循此有效之機制加以解決。我國職業運動聯盟自1989年創立，其發展已將近25年。雖然中華職業棒球大聯盟於其規章及球員標準契約中，均有仲裁條款之約定，聯盟內部並有仲裁委員會之設置，然而，因此仲裁制度並不符合法令規定而不具拘束效力且其公正性未受到當事人之信賴，使其無法發揮適當之紛爭解決效能。本文以美國職業棒球大聯盟仲裁制度為立論重心，介紹其制度之特色、內涵與最新發展。最後，作者剖析我國職業棒球仲裁之現況與缺失，參酌美國制度提出相關建議，期能成為我國職業棒球仲裁制度改革之參考。

Professional sports activity is one of the social activities and there are disputes between the participants. Due to the differences from the ordinary social activities, the disputes arose from the professional sports are required to be resolved efficiently or the rights of participators might be jeopardized in the time-consuming course of dispute resolution. Hence, the Alternative Dispute Resolution is regarded as the effective method to resolve disputes in the professional sports especially the arbitration, whose decision is binding on the parties same as the final judgment of the court. There are many professional leagues in the United States and the arbitration system established in Major League Baseball is the most comprehensive among them. Most conflicts between teams and players can be resolved successfully through the effective system of dispute resolution. It has been almost 25 years since the professional sport league in Taiwan were founded in 1989. Although there are both arbitration clauses in the bylaw of Chinese Professional Baseball League and standard player contract, meanwhile, there is arbitration committee founded in Chinese Professional Baseball League as well, it is not complied with the law which leads its decision not to have binding force and the parties doubt the impartiality of the arbitration. All of the aforesaid make the arbitration system in Chinese Professional Baseball League not as effective as expected in other social fields. This article mainly focuses on the arbitration system in Major League Baseball and introduces its characteristics, contents and the latest development. In conclusion, the author analyzes the current status and flaws of the arbitration system in Taiwan’s professional leagues and presents the suggestions to reform based on the related regulations in the United States.