歷史記憶與認同教科書中的西班牙內戰

Historical Memory and Identity: The “Civil War” in Spanish Textbooks

政府藉教科書傳遞知識、價值觀、意識形態和政府政策。國家權力操控著群體認同，教科書內容傳遞的是官方版的記憶，以之建立學生對國家民族的認同關係。從19 世紀後半歷經復辟、獨裁、第二共和、佛朗哥時代到現在，經歷過政治主導、嚴格管制、審查等過程，當代西班牙捍衛自由權利，各自治區可以自由選擇想使用的教科書。爬梳佛朗哥時期到後佛朗哥政權轉移教科書對於西班牙內戰的詮釋角度，西班牙不同時期的教育政策反映不同時期的政府主導史觀操弄教科書內容。歷史教育的父權主義造成今日西班牙中央與部分自治區的民族主義者對不同版本教科書的強烈歧異，讓中央的歷史記憶與國家認同和地方出現「內戰」。

From the late 19th century, through the restoration, dictatorship, the second republic, the Franco era to the present, Spanish textbook has experienced political dominant, strict control, censor and other processes, today Spain defend the right of freedom, every Autonomous can choose and use their own textbooks. Observe during the Franco regime and post-Franco period, the different interpretations of the Spanish Civil War in textbooks reflect the different government led view of history education. Government use textbooks to transfer knowledge of government policy, ideology and values. State power control the collective identity, the content of textbooks delivery the official edition of national history, and students build their national memory and identity from history textbook. P atriarchal history education policy causes the strong conflict between the central and some autonomous nationalists and let the historical memory and national identity appears “civil war”.