從外國字到國語字－－民族主義、現代化與越南羅馬字政策

From Foreign Writing System to National Writing System: Nationalism, Odernization and Vietnam's Romanization Policy

越南曾經是多文字使用的社會，除了漢字和喃字外還有羅馬字。在法國殖民越南期間，越南進行文字改革，嘗試以羅馬字取代漢字。本文探討這段時期越南羅馬字如何從功能有限，不被認同的外國字，轉換為代表國家認同象徵的國語字。文字改革牽涉複雜的社會、政治和經濟因素。本文運用語言政策理論探討法國殖民時期羅馬字在多文字戰爭中勝出的原因。本文強調語言意識形態及語言管理對越南文字規畫的影響。

Vietnam has been a digraphic society, using Chinese characters, Chữ Nôm and Quốc ngữ (Vietnamese Romanization). During French colonization, a radical script reform successfully replaced Chinese characters with Quốc ngữ. The present paper explores the “war on words”, trying to explain why Quốc ngữ can change from limited function and negative image to a symbol representing national identity. Script reform involves complex social, political and economic factors. This paper uses language policy theory to explore the various factor involved in the replace of Chinese character with Roman Script. The paper highlights the role of language ideology and language management in changing Vietnam's corpus planning.