德國與奧地利的政經關係－－對臺、中關係的啟示

Enlightenments from Germany and Austria: Possible Ways for the Development of the Cross-strait Relation

現代奧地利做為中歐的一個小國，旁邊緊鄰者政治、軍事與經濟強權的德國，從土地、人口及經濟規模等國力標準相較，兩者有者明顯的優劣地位，奧地利對德國是典型的以小事大的不平等關係，情況差堪可與台、中之間關係相擬。其次，從種族、血統及語言來看，奧、德兩個國家幾乎有者相同的起源，從該等客觀條件來看，奧、德之間的關係與台、中之間的關係，兩者亦存在著極為類似的形態。光就此諸點要素而言，奧、德關係與台、中關係即饒富比較之學術價值。但若從歷史演變、政經關係等主觀人為間的互動與交流關係的建構來看，吾人可以發現，兩種關係間卻又有著截然不同的進程與景象。因此，隨之而起要追問的乃是，為何類似之客觀條件卻發展出迥然相異的國家關係，更值得進一步深入研究與探討。本文目的即在探討，從客觀條件的高度相似性下，如何在不同的歷史演變與人為的政經安排下，兩國間的關係可能產生的差異程度。需附帶強調者，由於台中兩者間之歷史演變與文化糾結，對中文讀者而言並不陌生，故此處不再贅述，而僅以奧德兩國為對象。

As a small State located inside mid-Europe, modern Austria is apparently less-competitive compared to its neighbor--Germany in terms of the size of territory, population, economy, and etc. The relationship between Germany and Austria is somewhat a typical superior-subordinate relation which is similar with current cross-strait relation. Besides, from the aspect of race, ethnicity, and language used, Austria and Germany almost share same origin thereof and the situation is also true when it applies to the relation between Taiwan and China. Therefore, it possesses high academic values if we can make thorough comparative studies of those two situations; yet, if we research closely from the perspective of historical movements and political and economic relation between Germany and Austria, one can find out that these two relations sharing so much objective conditions in common turns out to be two different types of development processes and scenarios. To analyze why same objective condition generates such a notably diversified result is worth another deep discussion. The aim of this article is to provide the possible reason and analysis for this diversified outcome perhaps due to different historical movements and political and economic arrangements even though their objective conditions are the same. Here, the author would like to notify that since Chinese reader is more likely familiar with the entangled situations between cross-strait, the article mainly focuses on the discussion of Germany-Austria relations.